摘要
《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》的出台,标志着省级政府提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度的建立,国务院通过授权诉讼的方式赋予省级政府以诉权来源。由接受人民公共信托实施生态环境公有资源管理的省级政府提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼,具备与传统权利救济法律原则和环境保护立法精神相契合意义上的内在合理性与可行性,但结合我国现行法律规定和法学理论对制度进行实然法与法理基础上的深入检视可以发现,授权诉讼面临有悖于《立法法》上的法律保留原则、所有权及其救济以及诉讼请求与诉讼标的之对应性原则的合法性证成困境。有关学者试图借助任意诉讼担当理论解释授权合法性的观点既不符合现行法律体系下的四种法定的任意诉讼担当情形,也不满足出于诉讼担当人利益和出于诉讼被担当人利益的充分条件,难以自圆其说。在我国生态环境损害赔偿领域,以全体社会成员为主体的不特定多数人对于各项生态环境基本要素及其构成的生态环境整体所享有的环境公共利益已经由环境公益诉讼制度做出了较为完善的调整,而就作为全体公民结成的抽象共同体而言,国家对于土地、矿藏、河流、森林等构成生态环境基本要素的自然资源所享有的国家所有权利益则缺少法律救济。通过制定单行法确立和规范诉讼制度并妥善协调生态环境损害赔偿诉讼和环境公益诉讼的关系是破除授权诉讼法律困境的最佳路径选择,单行法应当致力于从请求权主体与基础、生态环境损害鉴定评估、赔偿诉讼规则以及赔偿资金管理等方面完成我国生态环境损害赔偿诉讼法律制度的构建任务。
The promulgation of‘The Pilot Plan of Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation System Reform’established the system of the ecological environment damage compensation litigation filed by the provincial government and the State Department vests the provincial government the litigation right by way of authorization.It is inherently rational and feasible in the sense of corresponding to the traditional legal principle of right relief and legislative spirit of environmental protection that the ecological environment damage compensation litigation would be filed by the provincial government which accepts people’s public trust to implement public resource management of ecological environment,but we can find that the authorized litigation faces the legitimacy dilemma that it is contrary to the principle of law preserving,the correspondence principle of ownership and its remedies,and the correspondence principle of claims and object of litigation if we view the system deeply on its actual law and juridical logic basis under the current law and legal theory of China.The argument of some scholars who try to use the arbitrary litigation theory to interpret the legitimacy of authorization is impractical because it is neither consistent with four kinds of legal arbitrary litigation undertaking under the current legal system nor coincident with the sufficient condition for interests of litigation undertaker and his client.In the field of ecological environment damage compensation in China,the public environmental interests enjoyed by all members of society has had a relatively perfect adjustment through the system of environmental public interest litigation,which mainly includes the basic elements of the ecological environment and the overall ecological environment composed by those elements.But as an abstract community composed of all citizens,the state’s property rights which relate to some natural resources constituting the basic elements of the ecological environment,such as land,water,forest and mineral resources are lack of legal remedy.To legislate a single law for establishing and standardizing the litigation system and properly coordinating the relationship between the ecological environment damage compensation litigation,environmental public interest litigation would be the optimal route selection for breaking the legal dilemma of authorized litigation.The single law should be devoted to complete the task of building China’s legal system of ecological environment damage compensation in the aspects of subjects and basis of claim,ecological environment damage appraisal and assessment,compensation litigation rules and compensation funds management.
作者
郭海蓝
陈德敏
GUO Hai-lan;CHEN De-min(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期86-94,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"我国再生资源产业顶层设计与发展实现路径研究"(批准号:12&ZD209)
中央高校基本科研业务经费资助项目"环境风险公私协力治理的法律研究"(批准号:106112016CDJSK080006)
重庆市研究生科研创新项目"环境风险视域下邻避冲突的法律规制研究"(批准号:CYB16051)
关键词
生态环境
损害赔偿
授权诉讼
法律困境
ecological environment
damage compensation
authorized litigation
legitimacy basis
