摘要
目的利用双生子人群估计3～7岁儿童气质的遗传度。方法采用随机抽样法，通过Carey儿童气质问卷对131对3～7岁双生子气质进行测评。对测评结果进行结构方程模型拟合，估算各气质维度的遗传度。结果3—7岁儿童气质类型的遗传度为45．96％；特殊环境因素对气质维度的影响（方差为4％～36％）具有普遍性，除趋避性、坚持性和男童活动水平外，其他气质维度均存在共同环境效应（方差为13％～65％），年龄效应方差（0％～8％）则不明显；校正年龄后，活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、情绪本质、坚持性、注意分散度及反应强度的遗传度分别为：男童35．83％、46．55％、82．67％、64．91％、45．09％、44．00％、83．95％、64．93％、40．88％；女童81．14％、21．66％、82．67％、80．39％、67．28％、44．00％、83．96％、64．93％、40．88％。结论3～7岁儿童气质受遗传与环境因素的共同影响，男女节律性、情绪本质、反应阈、男童活动水平与反应强度可能更多受环境因素的影响。
Objective To estimate the heritability of temperament in Chinese preschool twins. Methods The tem perament was assessed in a random sample of 131 pairs of 3 to 7 years old twins with the Carey Behavioral Style Ques tionnaire （BSQ） and structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the heritability of the category and nine di mensions of temperament. Results The best-fitting model indicated that 21.66% - 83.96% of the variances of the tem perament were attributable to genetic factors, with the remaining variances due to the effects of environmental experiences unique to the child （4% -36% ）for each temperament dimension, common family environmental factors （13 % -65 % ） except for the temperament dimensions of withdrawn/approach, persistence and boys＇ activity, and age factors （0% - 8% ）. The genetic factors （heritability）explained about 45.96% of variance in temperamental category. The heritability of the temperament in dimensions of activity, rhythm, withdrawn/approach, adaptability, intensity, emotion, persistence, distractibility, and threshold was 35.83%, 46. 55%, 82. 67%, 64. 91%, 45.09%, 44. 00%, 83.95%, 64. 93%, and 40. 88% in the boys and 81.14% ,21.66% ,82. 67% ,80. 39% ,67.28% ,44. 00% ,83.96% ,64. 93% ,and 40. 88% in the girls, respectively. The gender effect was found in the heritability of activity. The effects of genetic and environment on the temperament in 3 to 7 years old children was not influenced by age. Conclusion The temperament of preschool children is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. There are more environment effects on rhythm, emotion, and threshold in both boys and gifts, and activity and intensity in girls.
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期64-67,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
国家自然科学基金(30960167
31260265)
关键词
儿童气质
双生子
遗传度
temperament of child
twins
heritability
