摘要
研究汉语语法史,必须要有正确的观念,其中最重要的是历史的观念和系统的观念。历史的观念指导我们少犯以今律古的错误,系统的观念指导我们避免孤立地看待某种语法现象。研究汉语语法史,不仅要有广阔的理论视野,还要有跨语言的视野。所谓跨语言视野,就是要突破以往以历代文献记录的汉语为依据研究汉语语法演变的局限,充分利用汉语方言资源,将历史语法研究与方言语法结合起来;要把汉语自身的语法演变研究和因与异族语言接触导致的语法演变研究结合起来;要把汉语语法的历史演变与人类其他语言的语法演变进行比较,用“历时类型学”的眼光观察汉语语法演变的个性和与其他语言语法演变的共性。
To study Chinese historical grammar,we should establish correct concepts firstly,the most important of which are the concept of history and the concept of system.The concept of history guides us to avoid most errors caused by understanding past phenomena in terms of present views.The concept of the system guides us to avoid understanding a certain grammatical phenomenon in isolation.To study the history of Chinese grammar,we need not only a broad theoretical perspective but also a cross-linguistic perspective.The cross-linguistic perspective leads us to break through the limitation of exploring the evolution of Chinese grammar only based on Chinese historical recorded documents,teaches us to make full use of Chinese dialect resources and to combine them with historical grammar.It also leads us to combine grammatical evolution of Chinese itself with grammatical evolution caused by contact with other languages,to compare the historical grammar evolution of Chinese with the grammar evolution of other human languages,to observe the characteristics of Chinese grammar evolution and the universality with the grammatical evolution of other languages from the perspective of diachronic typology.
关键词
历史观念
系统观念
跨语言视野
历时类型学
the concept of history
the concept of system
the cross-linguistic perspective
diachronic typology
