摘要
由于数据本身具有价值,即使数据与个人信息无关,其自身的处置价值也是刑法上值得保护的法益,但目前我国刑法第285条的计算机犯罪并不能将一般数据保护完全纳入解释范畴,而《德国刑法典》第202a条至第202d条对与公民秘密或信息无涉的一般数据进行保护。一般数据受到不可感知性、无权处置性、特殊保护性与非公开性的范围限制。德国刑法从刺探和截取的实行行为、预备行为、赃物行为建构一般数据犯罪体系,虽然其立法过程中也存在一定争论,但对我国的数据刑法保护仍具有较大启示作用。我国的数据犯罪法益也应包括对一般数据的处置权保护与对个人数据的信息自决权保护,同时也必须规避立法体系上的矛盾和形式化考察带来的过度刑罚化问题,由此建立我国一般数据刑法保护体系。
Since data has value in itself,even if it is not related to personal information,its own disposal value is a legal interest worthy of protection under criminal law.However,the current computer crime in§285 of our criminal code does not bring the protection of general data fully within the scope of interpretation,whereas§202a to§202d of the German Criminal Code protect general data that are not related to citizens\secrets or information.General data is limited by the scope of imperceptibility,nondisposability,special protection and nondisclosure.The German Criminal Law constructs the general data crime system from the practice of spying and interception,preparatory acts and postfacto acts,although there is also a certain debate in its legislation process,it still has a greater inspiration for the criminal law in China.The legal interests of data crime in China should also include the protection of the right to the dispose of general data and the protection of the right to selfdetermination of personal data,and at the same time,the contradictions in the German legislative system and the excessive criminalization brought by the formalized recognition must be avoided,so as to establish the general data criminal law protection system in China.
基金
2021年国家高水平大学公派研究生项目(留金选[2021]70)资助。
关键词
一般数据
数据法益
计算机犯罪
General Data
Data Legal Interests
Computer Crime
