摘要
单位行政违法双罚制作为未来推动中国行政法治迈向新高度的重要制度,可以弥补“单罚制”的制裁漏洞,遏制单位负责人利用单位实施违法行为谋取个人利益及规避法律责任。“行政违法责任连带”“民事委托代理理论”“法人人格否认理论”“制裁漏洞论”为单位行政违法双罚制提供了法理基础。结合我国立法现状,借鉴域外法制经验,通过修订《行政处罚法》全面建立“普遍适用”的双罚制模式具有必要性和可行性。为防止行政机关滥用双罚制,规范其裁罚行为,双罚制具体立法条款应对单位负责人的范畴、单位负责人存有故意或者重大过失的主观过错、未尽善良管理人的注意义务的判定、单位负责人采取的必要监督措施应有“期待可能性”、单位负责人的责任限度等因素予以考量,作为并同处罚单位负责人的构成要件。
Double penalty system for enterprise units administrative violations is an important system which would promote Chinese administrative law to a new height in the future.With this administrative system provided,the sanction loopholes of“single penalty system”would be made up,the enterprise units operation would be improved and standardized,and the illegal acts and gaining personal benefits by unit responsible persons through unit work would be avoided and prevented.The viewpoints which contain the joint responsibility of administrative violations,the civil agency,the disregard of corporate personality and the sanction loopholes have provided the legal theory basis for the double penalty system for units administrative violations.Combined with current situation of Chinese legislation,drawing on the foreign legal experience,the comprehensive establishment of universally applicable double penalty system is practicable through revising Administrative Punishment Law.In order to avoid the administrative organs'abuse of the double penalty system,and regulate their punishment actions,the specific legislative provisions should clarify the scope of the unit responsible persons,the subjective fault of the unit responsible persons with intentional or gross negligence,the judgment standards of failing to fulfill the good administrator's duty of care,the probability of expectation of necessary supervision measures,and the liability limit factors of the combined punishment of the unit responsible persons,so that the combined punishment would be provided with the important constructive conditions.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期34-45,共12页
Law Science
基金
2019年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“《行政处罚法》归责性条款修改研究”(项目编号:19CFX023)的阶段性成果
泰州学院高层次人才基金项目(项目批准号:TZXY2018QDJJ002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
行政处罚
单位行政违法
双罚制
立法模式
administrative punishment
enterprise unit administrative violations
double penalty system
legislative model
