摘要
我国行政处罚法对处罚法定原则的制度布置偏重于法律效果侧面,对构成要件侧面较为忽视。构成要件法定可分解为违法行为法定和要件要素法定两个维度。在违法行为法定维度,只有法律和行政法规拥有违法行为的创设权,地方性法规和规章仅能在特定情况下,通过授权立法或执行性立法补充设定部分违法行为。在要件要素法定维度,应秉持相对法定主义,容许立法设置空白要件和不确定法律概念,但应提升空白要件的明确性,并构建不确定法律概念的具体化规则。基于“行为—要素”框架的处罚要件法定原则,具有运行封闭和认知开放的特点,有助于保障行政处罚系统在维持自主运作的前提下动态调适。
The system arrangement of the Administrative Penalty Law in China emphasizes the legal effect of the principle of legally prescribed penalty,but neglects its constituent elements.The constitutive elements of administrative punishment statutory principle include two dimensions:unlawful act and constitutive elements.In the dimension of legally prescribed unlawful act,only laws and administrative regulations have the creation right of unlawful act,and local laws and regulations can only supplement the unlawful act through authorized legislation or executive legislation under certain circumstances.In the dimension of legally prescribed constitutive elements,relative legalism should be upheld,allowing legislation to set up blank elements and uncertain legal concepts in constitutive elements,but the clarity of blank elements should be improved,and the concrete rules of uncertain legal concepts should be constructed.The legal principle of penalty elements based on the framework of“act-element”has the characteristics of closed operation and open cognition,thus maintains the independent operation of administrative penalty system.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期44-57,共14页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“行政罚款数额设定的法理标准与制度设计研究”(19CFX027)的阶段性成果
关键词
行政处罚
处罚法定原则
违法行为
要件要素
Administrative Penalty
Principle of Legally Prescribed Penalty
Unlawful Act
Constitutive Elements
