摘要
为了探究有机肥高效利用和化肥减量技术的有效途径,本研究以新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县春玉米为研究对象,开展田间试验,在分别施用氮肥0、150、225、300、375 kg/hm^(2)基础上,设置配施牛粪3 000 kg/hm^(2)和不施牛粪两组共10个处理,研究无机氮肥配施有机肥对土壤养分、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,在玉米成熟期,随施氮量增加土壤有机质、全氮和铵态氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05),而碱解氮和硝态氮含量总体呈现上升趋势,且配施牛粪处理的含量整体高于不施牛粪处理。在玉米不同生育期,土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现出随施氮量增加而增加的趋势,脲酶活性随施氮量增加呈现出先增加后略有降低的趋势,且配施牛粪处理的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性比不施牛粪处理分别提高了8.40%、44.31%和7.02%(P<0.05)。籽粒产量随施氮量增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,配施牛粪处理的产量总体高于不施牛粪处理。施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)配施牛粪处理籽粒产量达到15 787.41 kg/hm^(2),比不施肥处理增产50.57%,较不施牛粪施氮225 kg/hm^(2)处理提高13.18%。氮肥与牛粪配施后可通过提高土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量来影响玉米产量,在综合考虑土壤养分、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的基础上,建议沙雅县玉米氮肥施用量为225 kg/hm^(2),并配施牛粪3 000 kg/hm^(2)。
In order to explore the effective approach of efficient utilization of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reduction technology,this study took spring maize in Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang as the research object,and carried out field experiments.On the basis of applying nitrogen fertilizer 0,150,225,300 and 375 kg/hm^(2) respectively,a total of 10 treatments were set up,including two groups of applying cow dung 3000 kg/hm^(2) and no cow dung,to study the effects of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity and maize yield.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil organic matter,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content with the increase of nitrogen application rate(P>0.05),while the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed an overall upward trend,and the content of cattle manure treatment was higher than that of no cattle manure treatment.At different growth stages of maize,the activities of soil sucrase and catalase increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the urease activity increased first and then decreased slightly with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The activities of soil sucrase,urease and catalase in the treatment with cow dung were 8.40%,44.31%and 7.02%higher than those in the treatment without cow dung(P<0.05).The grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the yield of cow manure treatment was higher than that of no cow manure treatment.The grain yield of 225 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application combined with cow dung reached 15787.41 kg/hm^(2),which was 50.57%higher than that of no fertilizer treatment,and 13.18%higher than that of 225 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application without cow dung.The combination of nitrogen fertilizer and cow dung can affect maize yield by increasing soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content.On the basis of comprehensive consideration of soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity and maize yield,it is recommended that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for maize in Shaya County be 225 kg/hm^(2) with 3000 kg/hm^(2) of cow dung.
作者
蔡惠君
杨洋
盛建东
刘耘华
候跃
蒋平安
CAI Hui-jun;YANG Yang;SHENG Jian-dong;LIU Yun-hua;HOU Yue;JIANG Ping-an(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《新疆农业大学学报》
CAS
2023年第1期58-64,共7页
Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003210)。
关键词
牛粪
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
玉米产量
nitrogen fertilizer
cow dung
soil nutrients
soil enzyme activities
corn yield
