摘要
为了探讨陕西渭北旱地冬小麦有机无机配施的减氮效应及机理,于2011年10月至2014年6月在陕西省渭南市白水县进行了连续三年的田间小区定位试验,探究不同氮肥用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg N·hm^(-2))与有机肥(猪粪30 t·hm^(-2))配施对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率(NUE)、土壤硝态氮残留及土壤养分的影响,明确当地最适宜的有机无机配施比例。结果表明:有机无机配施处理的产量、地上部吸氮量和NUE较单施化肥处理分别提高6.9%、29.3%和34.3%,且以有机肥与150 kg N·hm^(-2)氮肥配施处理效果最佳;有机无机配施显著改善0~20 cm土壤养分状况,土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别较单施化肥处理提高6.1%、8.2%、90.4%和94.8%,但当施氮量大于150 kg N·hm^(-2)时,配施有机肥显著增加0~200 cm硝态氮残留量(43.7~188.8 kg·hm^(-2)),加大硝态氮淋溶风险;有机肥分别与75、150 kg N·hm^(-2)氮肥配施相比单独施用150、225 kg N·hm^(-2)氮肥处理在产量上无显著差异,却显著提高了NUE(27.4%和45.3%),并降低60 cm土层以下硝态氮含量。综合上述研究结果,在渭北旱地冬小麦生产中,在有机肥(猪粪)30 t·hm^(-2)的基础上配施75~150 kg N·hm^(-2)的氮肥(有机氮∶无机氮=1∶0.46~0.91),可以保证小麦高产优质,并降低氮素淋溶风险。
To explore the effect and mechanism of manure on reducing nitrogen（N）fertilizer rates in Weibei dryland, a 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of manure and N fertilizer on winter wheat yield, N use efficiency（NUE）, soil nitrate-N residue and soil nutrients in Baishui County. Following a spilt-plot design, the main treatments included two manure application rates：30 t·hm-2（with manure, ＋M）, and 0 t·hm-2（without manure,-M）; The sub-treatments included five N fertilizer rates：0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·hm-2. The results showed that, additional manure increased winter wheat yield by 6.9%, aboveground N uptake by 29.3%, and NUE by34.4%, relative to that without manure, and the highest values were all recorded in the M＋N150 treatment（the combination of manure with150 kg N·hm-2fertilizer）. The combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total N, available P and available K in 0～20 cm layer by a mean of 6.1%, 8.2%, 90.4%, 94.8%, compared to that without manure, respectively. However, when manure was combined with the N rate which exceeded 150 kg N·hm-2, further increase of N rate would lead to an increase of soil nitrate-N residue（43.7～188.8 kg·hm-2）, and the risk of nitrate-N leaching. The combination of manure with 75 and 150 kg N·hm-2N fertilizer resulted in a comparable grain yield with that for applying 150 and 225 kg N·hm-2fertilizer alone, but increased NUE significantly（The improvement was 27.4% and 45.3%, respectively）, and additionally reduced the soil nitrate-N below 60 cm layer. As a result, we concluded that combining manure（30 t·hm-2pig manure）with 75 ～150 kg N·hm-2N fertilizer（organic N∶ inorganic N=1 ∶ 0.46 ～0.91） is recommended for achieving an N efficient and environmental friendly winter wheat farming system in Weibei dryland.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期124-133,共10页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124)
国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项(Z225020803)~~
关键词
旱地
冬小麦
有机肥
产量
氮肥利用率
硝态氮残留
土壤有机质
dryland
winter wheat
manure
grain yield
N use efficiency
soil nitrate-N residue
soil organic matter
