摘要
伴随着“零工经济”的发展,劳动形态呈现零工化趋势。从政治经济学的生产方式变革—劳动形态变迁理论脉络出发可以发现,工业时代所形成的职业化劳动形态,在数字时代正逐渐由零工化劳动所替代,并展现出劳动时空条件零散化、劳动过程碎片化以及劳动关系原子化等新特征。这些新特征产生的根本动力机制在于数字时代的平台资本充分利用作为核心生产资料的数据的特点,包括虚拟性、可切分性、权属模糊性等,采用包括生产场景的时空延展、生产过程的拆分控制、组织关系的外部众包等控制—积累策略,以推动零工经济的扩张与劳动零工化的转型。上述分析表明,研究者既需要从新的视角思考数字时代零工劳动者的劳动状况与相应的保障实践,也需要对数字技术发展的社会经济后果展开更多反思。
Along with the development of "gig economy", the gig labor has become an important form of labor. From the theories of change of production mode and labor pattern in political economy, we can find that the professional labor pattern formed in the industrial era is gradually replaced by gig labor in the digital era, which shows new characteristics such as fragmentation of labor conditions, fragmentation of labor processes and atomization of labor relations. The fundamental driving mechanism of these new features is that the platform capital in the digital era makes full use of the characteristics of data as the core means of production, including virtualization, divisibility and ambiguity of ownership, and adopts control-accumulation strategies including spatio-temporal extension of production scenarios, splitting and control of production processes, and external crowdsourcing of organizational relations, in order to promote the expansion of the gig economy and the transformation of gig labor. The above analysis shows that researchers need to consider both the labor conditions and corresponding protection practices of gig laborers in the digital era from a new perspective and to reflect more on the socio-economic consequences of digital technology development.
作者
许弘智
王天夫
Xu Hong-zhi;Wang Tian-fu
出处
《经济学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期25-34,共10页
Economist
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾有效机制研究”(20ZDA078)
清华大学“双高”创新项目“空间社会科学与空间社会行为研究”(2021TSG08207)。
关键词
数字化生产方式
零工经济
劳动形态
数据要素
平台资本
Digital Production Methods
Gig Economy
Labor Patterns
Data Elements
Platform Capital
