摘要
国际法的功能问题事关如何认识国际法,因而值得探讨并且探讨空间很大。本文提出“国际法双重功能”说。国际法的功能之一是国际合作,理论基础为实在国际法学。该理论以追求国际社会共同利益为国际法目的,国际合作和国际法因而不可或缺。实在国际法学是讲求合作的国际法,合作的国际法得到我国改革开放以及经济全球化等经验验证。国际法的另一个功能是国际斗争,其理论基础是政策定向学和批判国际法学。在它们眼中,国际法是国际斗争的工具,是斗争的国际法。改革开放以来,我国运用国际法与美国等国在人权、南海等一系列问题上的斗争,都是斗争的国际法的例证。近年来由于美国“退群”、大搞价值观外交以及俄乌冲突等原因,大国出现严重分裂,国际法的合作功能有所减弱,斗争功能则有所增强。但合作的国际法依然可期,这不仅因为经济全球化仍在继续,更重要的是由于人类社会共同利益的需要。国际法的目的应从国际社会共同利益扩展至人类社会共同利益。
The function of international law concerns how to understand international law.Thus,it is worth discussing and there is much room for discussion.The article proposes a doctrine on the“dual functions of international law”.One aspect of such functions is international cooperation,with positive international law as its theoretical basis.This theory assumes that the goal of international law is to pursue the common interest of the international community,and accordingly,international cooperation and international law are indispensable.In this sense positive international law is an international law of cooperation.It can be exemplified by China s Reform and Opening-up and economic globalization thereof.The other aspect of the functions of international law is international struggle,whose theoretical underpinnings are policy-oriented jurisprudence and critical international law.From their perspectives,international law is a tool for,and thus a law of,international struggle.Examples as such can be found in the struggle between China and countries such as the United States on a number of issues after China s Reform and Opening-up,including human rights and South China Sea dispute.In recent years,as a result of factors such as the withdrawal from international conventions and organizations by the United States,the prevalence of value-oriented diplomacy,and the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the function of international law in terms of cooperation has been weakened,while that in terms of struggle has been strengthened.Yet,it is still desirable to expect the future of the international law of cooperation,which is based not only on the continuing process of economic globalization but also on the requirement of the common interest of humanity.The goal of international law should be expanded from pursuing the common interest of the international society to that of the human society.
出处
《地方立法研究》
CSSCI
2022年第4期88-99,共12页
Local Legislation Journal
关键词
国际法的功能
合作
斗争
合作的国际法
斗争的国际法
the function of international law
cooperation
struggle
international law of cooperation
international law of struggle
