摘要
传统的杂交水稻制种方式落后、效益低、成本高的问题,制约了杂交稻推广应用。利用小粒型不育系可实现杂交水稻混播、混收、机械分离等全程机械化制种,降低杂交稻制种成本,提高制种效率。本研究以小粒型不育系卓201S、大粒恢复系R141和新组合卓两优141为材料,对其适合机械化制种的农艺性状、异交特性、混播制种及大面积制种实践进行了研究。结果表明,与C815S相比,卓201S株高较矮,穗长较长且直立,包颈粒率、穗萌率、黑粉病、开颖率均低于C815S,对"九二〇"较敏感,且较难落粒,具有较好的农艺性状。而R141株高较高,花粉数量大,花期长,且对环境温度较钝感,两者均具有良好的异交特性。卓201S谷粒厚1.71mm,千粒重14.00g,R141谷粒厚2.23 mm,千粒重28.20 g,两者籽粒大小差异显著,通过特定的狭长形筛孔筛子,实现了杂种F1与父本种子的高效分离,杂交种子含父本率为0,杂种损失率为2.31%,种子纯度在生产上达标,可实现机械化制种;与传统制种模式相比,混播制种可使父本基本苗减少85%,母本容量增加20%,制种产量增加21.37%,制种综合效益增加31.4%。父母本较好的农艺性状、异交特性,且粒型大小差异明显,是小粒型不育系新组合卓两优141机械混播制种的优势,可实现杂交水稻全程机械化制种,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
Traditional hybrid breeding is backward,low benefit,and high cost,which restricts the promotion and application in hybrid rice.However,Small Grain TMS lines are easy to be mechanically separated after mixed-sowing and mixed-harvesting.Their application will promote the realization of complete Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production,leading to the reduction of cost and the improvement of seed production efficiency.In this study,we investigated the agronomic characteristics and outcrossing rates suitable for Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production,using the Small Grain male sterile line Zhuo 201 S,Large Grain restorer line R141,and their combination Zhuoliangyou 141 as materials for mixed-sowing and large-scale seed production practice.The results demonstrated that compared with the control TMS C815 S,Zhuo 201 S plants were shorter,exhibiting longer and more erect ear,fewer glume opening,lower percentage of panicle enclosure and germination on ears.Moreover,Zhuo 201 S plants were resistant to smut disease but sensitive to "920" treatment and had weak seed-shattering characteristic.However,R141 plants were tall and insensitive to environmental temperature with large amount of pollen and a long florescence.Both Zhuo 201 S and R141 had good outcrossing characteristics.The grain thickness of Zhuo 201 S and R141 was 1.71 mm and 2.23 mm,respectively.The 1000-grain weight of Zhuo 201 S and R141 was 14.00 g and 28.20 g,respectively.Due to the significant difference in grain sizes,the hybrid F1 seeds could be easily separated with the male parent seeds through a special sieve with narrow and long apertures.The percentage of male parent seeds mixed in hybrid seeds was 0 while the hybrid seed loss rate was 2.31%,suggesting that the seed purity met the standards for Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production.Compared with the traditional seed production mode,the basic seedling of male parent was reduced by 85%,the capacity of female parent was increased by 20%,the seed production yield was increased by 21.37%,and the comprehensive benefit of seed production was increased by 31.4%.Zhuoliangyou 141 was endowed with the advantages suitable for mechanized production by mix-sowing,with excellently agronomic traits and outcrossing properties along with huge difference in grain size from its parents.Therefore,the whole process of Zhuoliangyou 141 mechanized seed production had a broad application prospect.
作者
周杰强
张桂莲
邓化冰
明兴权
雷斌
李凡
唐文帮
ZHOU Jie-Qiang;ZHANG Gui-Lian;DENG Hua-Bing;MING Xing-Quan;LEI Bin;LI Fan;TANG Wen-Bang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期320-331,共12页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100303)
湖南省科技重大专项(2018NK1020)
湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK2013)资助。
关键词
水稻
小粒型不育系
卓两优141
混播制种技术
优势
rice
small grain sterile line
Zhuoliangyou 141
mixed sowing seed production
advantage
