摘要
教师数量和质量的供给对学生学业表现具有重要影响。研究基于PISA 2018我国四省市样本,通过多层线性模型以及分位数回归模型,分析学校教师资源供给对中学学生学业成绩的影响。研究发现:学校的教师数量短缺和硕士学历教师比例均会显著影响学生学业成绩,且学校高学历教师的供给对学生学业成绩的提升呈边际效益递减趋势,学校硕士教师比例达到75%左右时,其对学生学业成绩提升的边际效益最佳;对位于不同成绩分位段的学生而言,提高学校教师队伍中硕士学历教师的比例,对“学优生”的边际效益要高于“学困生”;分城乡来看,农村地区学校教师数量短缺程度高于城市地区学校,且高学历教师更倾向于向核心城市集聚,提高教师队伍中硕士学历教师的比例,对于农村地区学生学业成绩提升的边际效益更高。因此,建议对农村地区教师增加补偿性工资,同时深入推进“银龄讲学”等高质量师资支援计划;此外,教师资源配置需要遵循“差异化公平”原则,针对不同学业能力的学生更多采取差异化的分层教学策略。
The supply of teachers’quantity and quality has an important impact on students’academic performance.Based on the PISA 2018 sample of four provinces and cities in my country,the multi-level linear model(HLM)and quantile regression model(QR)are used to analyze the heterogeneity of the impact of school teacher resource supply on students’academic performance.The study found that the shortage of teachers and the proportion of master degree teachers will significantly affect students’academic performance,and the supply of high-education teachers to the school’s academic performance is showing a decreasing trend of marginal benefits.When the proportion of school master degree teachers reaches 75%,the marginal benefit of improving academic performance is the largest.For students located in different grades,increasing the proportion of teachers with a master degree in the school’s teaching team will have a higher marginal benefit for the good performing students than the poor performing students.In terms of urban and rural areas,the shortage of school teachers in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas,and high-education teachers are more inclined to gather in core cities;when increasing the proportion of teachers with master degree in the teaching team,and the marginal benefits in terms of academic performance improvement for students in rural areas are higher.Therefore,it is recommended to design a compensation wage differential system in rural areas to ensure the supply of teachers,and to further promote high-quality teacher support programs such as“Silver Age Lectures”in rural areas;in addition,teacher resource allocation needs to follow the“differentiation”.Also,the principle of“fairness”aims at adopting differentiated and layered teaching strategies for students with different academic abilities.
作者
叶方如
Fangru Ye(University of Western Australia,Australia Perth 6009)
出处
《教育与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期41-50,共10页
Education & Economy
