摘要
文化权的宪法解释不能脱离宪法文本有关"文化"的规定。在现行宪法中,一系列"文化条款"呈现出多样化的"文化"语义。在立法具体化作为宪法实施重要形式的宪制架构下,部门法规范对文化概念的具体演绎导致宪法上文化权之意涵发生变迁;权威政策性文件中的"文化"语汇也是作宪法解释时不可忽略的重要语境;而对理论界的"文化权"定义方式的整理与批判则有助于文化权概念的规范建构。作为法律概念的"文化"一般是指作为一种具体社会生活形态的"文化生活",在宪法解释学上,"文化权"可以被定义为"公民在文化生活中获得国家公权力之承认与保护,并获分配必要的公共资源与服务的权利"。在理论层面,此种理解有助于收窄长期存在的概念分歧,从而推进有关"文化权"、"文化建设"、"文化法制"等议题的深入研究;在实践层面,此种理解有助于对相关立法语言进行清理、归类与整合,为文化立法工作的规划、实施提供宪法规范上的依据与指引,从而促进文化法制建设的有序、有效展开。
The"Culture Clauses"in the Constitution define the range of interpreting"culture"as a constitutional right.In the 1982 Constitution,a number of"Culture Clauses"indicate diversified meanings of the concept of culture.Statutory expression drives the evolution of the content of the right to culture,since the Chinese constitutional system relies so much upon legislation as a principal route of implementing constitutional norms;Authoritative Party resolutions on cultural policy usually include abundant ideas regarding that concept and thus provide an illuminating context for interpreting the right to culture;finally,academic efforts in defining the right to culture offer great assistance in the normative elaboration of that right.This article suggests that"culture",in the context of law,refers to the"cultural life"constituting one aspect of an individual’s normal life;consequently,the right to culture,as a constitutional right,can be defined as the right to be recognized and protected and the right of access to public resources in the cultural life.Further,I argue that with the above definition,the conceptual divergence of culture may be narrowed down and the discourse regarding cultural right,cultural construction and cultural institutions may prosper.For legislature,the new definition may help cleansing the statutory language and provide a normative guidance for cultural legislations,which ultimately will benefit an orderly progress in the cultural law.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期102-114,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
文化
文化权
宪法文化条款
宪法解释
文化立法
Culture
Right to Culture
Culture Clause in the Constitution
Constitutional Interpretation
Culture Legislation
