摘要
探究不同成熟度上部烟叶烘烤过程中失水干燥特性及形态变化规律,基于田间烟叶落黄程度及SPAD值范围界定鲜烟叶成熟度,分析鲜烟叶组织结构及烘烤期间烟叶含水量及形态参数的变化.结果表明:随烟叶成熟度提升,叶厚、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度、栅栏细胞密度、海绵细胞密度和紧密度呈降低趋势,海绵组织厚度、疏松度逐渐增大.烘烤期间随成熟度提升,42~54℃叶片、主脉、整叶水含率及自由水、束缚水含量降低幅度逐渐增大,45~48℃叶片失水占比逐渐减小,主脉失水占比逐渐增大;42~45℃叶片横向、纵向收缩率增幅最明显,叶片厚度收缩率和主脉周长收缩率分别在45~48℃和48~54℃时增幅最大,且随成熟度提升烟叶形态收缩率增加量逐渐增大.相关性分析表明,不同成熟度烟叶含水量与形态指标之间均呈显著或极显著负相关.随烟叶成熟度提升,烟叶保水能力逐渐降低,形态收缩幅度逐渐增加.叶片综合变黄80%~90%处理的烤后烟叶具有较好的外观质量和适宜的化学成分含量.
To study the drying characteristics and morphological changes of upper tobacco leaves with different maturity during curing, progression of maturity was identified based on yellowing degree and SPAD value of field-grown Yunnan87 tobacco leaves. Changes in moisture contents and morphological parameters of tobacco leaves were monitored during curing. The results showed that as tobacco approached maturity, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, the ratio between palisade tissue and sponge tissue thickness(P/S), palisade cell density, spongy cell density and tightness decreased. Sponge tissue thickness and porosity increased gradually. Within increased maturity, moisture contents of blade, midrib and whole leaves, free water and bound water contents dropped at an increasing pace within 42-54 ℃ during curing. Within the temperature range 45-48 ℃, proportions of moisture loss originated from leaves decreased gradually and proportions of moisture loss from midrib rose gradually. Within the temperature range 42-45 ℃, accelerated rates of transverse and longitudinal shrinkages were detected for blade. The shrinkage rates of leaf thickness and main vein circumference maximized within temperature ranges of 45-48 ℃ and 48-54 ℃, respectively, and the higher degree of leaf maturity, the higher shrinkage rates arrived. Correlation analysis revealed there were significant to extremely significant negative correlations between moisture content and morphological indexes during curing. Generally, moisture retention capacity of tobacco leaf goes down and the magnitude of shrinkage increases when the leaf reaches higher levels of maturity. Flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with 80%-90% overall yellowing have preferable appearance quality and appropriate chemical composition content.
作者
夏春
范宁波
王彬
张永辉
李峥
刘腾飞
张楠
典瑞丽
XIA Chun;FAN Ningbo;WANG Bin;ZHANG Yonghui;LI Zheng;LIU Tengfei;ZHANG Nan;DIAN Ruili(Luzhou Branch Company,Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China;College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Corporation,Wuhan,Hubei 430040,China;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Corporation,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310002,China;The School of Worker Further in China National Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou,Henan 450008,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期159-166,共8页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
四川省烟草公司泸州市公司资助项目(2018-510500-2-4-027)
湖北中烟工业有限责任公司武汉卷烟厂资助项目(ZY-2019-0261).
关键词
上部叶
成熟度
烘烤过程
组织结构
含水量
形态
upper leaves
maturity
curing process
organization structure
moisture content
morphology
