摘要
为探究不同采收时间对雪茄烟叶产质量的影响,以德雪3号为材料,通过大田试验和室内试验,研究雪茄烟叶3个采收时间(中部叶、上部叶分别于移栽后70、77 d第1次采收,之后每隔10 d采收1次,共采3次)下烟叶调制时的含水率、发酵后的物理特性、常规化学成分含量和中性致香物质含量以及经济性状的差异。结果表明,采收越晚,调制期间烟叶失水速率越快;中部叶移栽后80 d采收,发酵后烟叶的拉力、叶厚度等物理性状表现较优,总氮含量较移栽后70 d采收下降0.180个百分点,烟碱含量较移栽后90 d采收升高0.450个百分点,烟叶化学成分协调性较好,且此时烟叶中香气物质总量较移栽后70、90 d采收分别提高17.68%、5.58%;上部叶移栽后87 d采收,发酵后烟叶物理性状更优,氮碱比为4.926,烟叶化学成分协调性较好,烟叶香气物质总量较移栽后77、97 d采收分别提高16.23%、1.88%。中部叶移栽后80 d采收烟叶产值较移栽后70、90 d采收分别提高16.85%、12.10%,上部叶移栽后87 d采收烟叶产值较移栽后77、97 d采收分别提高13.57%、16.52%。因此,德雪3号中部叶于移栽后80 d左右采收、上部叶于移栽后87 d左右采收,烟叶物理特性最佳、化学成分协调性最好,香气量足、感官质量较优,产值最高。
In order to explore the effects of different harvest periods on the yield and quality of cigar leaves,Dexue No.3 was used as the material to study the differences in water content,physical characteristics,conventional chemical composition content,neutral aroma components content after fermentation and economic traits of cigar leaves harvested in three harvest periods(The middle and upper leaves were harvested for the first time at 70 d and 77 d after transplanting,and then harvested every 10 d,a total of three times)through field experiments and laboratory tests.The results showed that the later harvest,the faster water loss rate of cigar leaves during modulation.When the middle leaves were harvested at 80 d after transplanting,the physical properties such as tensile force and thickness of the fermented leaves were better.In addition,the total nitrogen content decreased by 0.180 percentage points compared with that harvested at 70 d and the nicotine content increased by 0.450 percentage points compared with that harvested at 90 d after transplanting.At this time,the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves was best,and the total amount of aroma substances in tobacco leaves was 17.68%and 5.58%higher than that of 70 d and 90 d after transplanting,respectively.When the upper leaves were harvested at 87 d after transplanting,the physical properties were better after fermentation.The nitrogen‑alkali ratio was 4.926,and the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves was best.Moreover,the total amount of aroma components was 16.23%and 1.88%higher than that of 77 d and 97 d after transplanting,respectively.In addition,the output value of the middle leaves harvested at 80 d after transplanting was 16.85%and 12.10%higher than that at 70 d and 90 d after transplanting,respectively.The output value of the upper leaves harvested at 87 d after transplanting was 13.57%and 16.52%higher than that at 77 d and 97 d after transplanting,respectively.Therefore,when the Dexue No.3 plants have been transplanted for about 80 d and 87 d,the middle and upper leaves should be harvested respectively to get the best physical characteristics and chemical composition.The cigar leaves also have adequate aroma amount,better sensory quality and the highest output value.
作者
卢瑞琳
刘路路
胡希
叶科媛
钟秋
邹宇航
时向东
LU Ruilin;LIU Lulu;HU Xi;YE Keyuan;ZHONG Qiu;ZOU Yuhang;SHI Xiangdong(National Tobacco Cultivation Physiology and Biochemistry Research Base,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;The Great Wall Cigar Factory,Sichuan China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shifang 618400,China;Deyang Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province,Deyang 618000,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2021年第10期51-59,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
四川中烟工业有限责任公司中式雪茄“醇甜香”品类构建重大专项(ctx201902)。
关键词
雪茄烟叶
采收时间
物理特性
化学成分
香气成分
产值
产量
Cigar leaves
Harvest time
Physical properties
Chemical components
Aroma components
Output value
Yield
