摘要
【目的】探明烤烟滴灌施肥方式下的肥料适宜减量程度。【方法】2017年通过田间试验,以当地常规处理(CF)为对照,研究等氮滴灌处理(DF)、减氮20%滴灌处理(DF?20%N)和减氮40%滴灌处理(DF?40%N)对烤烟生长、氮磷钾吸收利用及经济性状的影响。【结果】与CF处理相比,DF?40%N处理烟株最大叶面积和平均叶面积分别增加了40.7%和20.1%,叶片磷素和钾素含量分别显著提高了28.8%和31.1%(P<0.05),全株磷素和钾素累积量分别增加了8.8%(P<0.05)和12.3%,磷素和钾素利用率分别显著提高了35.7%和45.5%(P<0.05),中上等烟比例和均价分别提高了28.7%和17.8%(P<0.05);不同氮肥滴灌量处理间,烤烟叶片中磷和钾含量以DF?40%N处理最高。随着氮肥滴灌量的减少,烟株氮素累积量随之减少,磷素和钾素累积量随之增加,氮、磷、钾利用率均随之提高,中上等烟、烟叶产值和均价也逐渐提升。【结论】本试验条件下,烤烟滴灌追肥阶段(基追比3∶7)氮肥施用(总)量宜减少40%,可促进烟株对磷、钾的累积和氮磷钾的吸收利用,同时有利于烟叶等级结构及均价的提升。
[Purpose]To determine the suitable degree of reduction of flue-cured tobacco fertilizer under drip irrigation.[Method]A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of reduction drip irrigation fertilization on the yield and NPK absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco, with the treatments of local conventional treatment (CF), nitrogen drip irrigation (DF), 20% reduction of nitrogen drip irrigation (DF?20%N) and 40% reduction of nitrogen drip irrigation (DF?40%N) in 2017.[Result]The maximum leaf area and average leaf area increased by 40.7% and 20.1%, the concentration content of P and K increased by 28.8% and 31.1%(P<0.05) in tobacco leaf, the accumulation of P and K increased by 8.8%(P<0.05) and 12.3% in the whole tobacco plant, P and K uptake efficiency increased by 35.7% and 45.5%(P<0.05), the mid-high grade leave ratio and average price increased by 28.7% and 17.8%(P<0.05), respectively, in the treatment of DF?40%N. The highest contents of P and K in leaves were found in the treatment of DF?40%N, among the drip irrigation fertilizing treatments. The N accumulation decreased with the decrease of N drip irrigation. The P and K accumulation, N, P and K uptake efficiency, the mid-high grade leave ratio, production value and average price increased, with the decrease of N drip irrigation.[Conclusion]In this experiment, the amount of N should be reduced by 40%, in the stage of top dressing (3∶7 dressing ratio), which benefited for the P and K accumulation, the N, P and K uptake, and the improving of quality grade of tobacco leaves and average price of tobacco.
作者
薛如君
高天
赵正雄
胡志明
马二登
XUE Rujun;GAO Tian;ZHAO Zhengxiong;HU Zhiming;MA Erdeng(College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;Tobacco Company of Baoshan, Baoshan 678000, China;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650031, China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期860-866,共7页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41705137)
中国烟草总公司重点项目/云南省烟草公司科技项目(110201602002/2016YN35)
云南省科技厅重点研发项目/云南省烟草公司重点项目(2018BB019/2018530000241017)
