摘要
【目的】探明氮磷钾减量配施钾长石土壤调理剂对烤烟产质量及肥料利用率的调控效应。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为材料,采用大田试验,研究烟农常规施肥T1(CK1)、土壤调理剂+烟农常规施肥(T2)、土壤调理剂+减施氮磷钾20%(T3)、土壤调理剂+减施氮磷钾40%(T4)、土壤调理剂+不施肥(T5)、不施肥(T6,CK2)6种施肥方式对云南曲靖黄壤土壤养分含量及烤烟产质量、氮磷钾利用率的影响。【结果】与T1(CK1)相比,T2、T3显著提高土壤pH、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量3.07%~42.28%;T2、T3促进烟株生长明显,叶面积和叶面积系数显著增加4.37%、5.65%、3.62%、5.26%;T2、T3增产率分别为11.82%、17.13%,其产值分别显著提高32.91%、28.99%;T2、T3和T4中部烟叶总糖、还原糖和氧化钾升高,总氮、烟碱含量下降,烟叶化学成分更加协调;T2、T3和T4显著提高氮素表观利用率33.43%~36.21%,增加氮素生理利用率31.49%~33.18%;T2、T3和T4磷素表观利用率显著增加14.09%、6.62%和4.07%,而磷素生理利用率分别显著增加20.14%、13.58%和5.62%;T2、T3和T4钾素表观利用率分别显著提高10.53%、4.39%和3.97%,而显著增加钾素生理利用率分别为9.94%、4.72%和2.79%。【结论】施钾长石土壤调理剂有利于改良土壤pH及土壤肥力提升,且在当前氮磷钾施用量(N 82.5 kg/hm 2、P 2O 5123.75 kg/hm 2、K 2O 247.5 kg/hm 2)的基础上,等量或减施氮磷钾20%并配施钾长石土壤调理剂可促进烟株生长,提高烟叶产量和品质,促进烟株对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收和利用。
【Objective】The present study aimed to explore the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction techniques and potassium feldspar soil conditioners(PFSC)on yield,quality and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizer utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】Taking flue-cured tobacco K326 as material,a field experiment was established in yellow soil in Qujing tobacco planting area,and six fertilization treatments were set up,i.e.treatment T1(CK1)(conventional dosage of NPK),treatment T2,T3,T4 and T5(soil conditioners with equal to T1 in NPK;Soil conditioners with deducting the fertilizer NPK proportion 20%,40%and 100%,respectively),treatment T6(neither manure or fertilizer).【Result】Compared with treatment T1(CK1),T2 and T3 significantly improved soil pH,organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium by 3.07%-42.28%,and treatment T2,T3 significantly raised growth,leaf area and leaf area coefficient of the tobacco plants by 4.37%,5.65%and 3.62%,5.26%,respectively.Moreover,treatments T2 and T3 increased yield or output significantly by 11.82%,17.13%and 32.91%,28.99%,respectively.Furthermore,treatments T2,T3 and T4 increased contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium oxide,while decreased the content of total nitrogen and nicotine in the middle position tobacco leaves,so that the chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more harmonious.Additionally,treatments T2,T3 and T4 were 33.43%-36.21%and 31.49%-33.18%higher than T1(CK1)in apparent and physiological N utilization,respectively;Treatments T2,T3 and T4 were 14.09%,6.62%,4.07%and 20.14%,13.58%,5.62%higher than T1(CK1)in apparent and physiological P utilization,respectively;And treatments T2,T3 and T4 were 10.53%,4.39%,3.97%and 9.94%,4.72%,2.79%higher than T1(CK1)in apparent and physiological K utilization,respectively.【Conclusion】The application of potassium feldspar soil conditioners were beneficial to soil pH and fertility improvement,and based on PFSC,current chemical fertilizer amount with N 82.5 kg/hm 2,P 2O 5123.75 kg/hm 2 and K 2O 247.5 kg/hm 2 should be equal or reduced by 20%,which could promote growth,yield,output value and quality of the flue-cured tobacco by improving their NPK absorption,fertilizer utilization.
作者
张晓伟
龙杰
张轲
张冀武
孙浩巍
雷蕾
余小芬
邱学礼
成龙
杨树明
ZHANG Xiao-wei;LONG Jie;ZHANG Ke;ZHANG Ji-wu;SUN Hao-wei;LEI Lei;YU Xiao-fen;QIU Xue-li;CHENG Long;YANG Shu-ming(Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106,China;Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qilin,Yunnan 655000,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Gaoyijiang Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Malipo,Yunnan 663600,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期187-193,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学地区基金项目(31660358)
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000241034)。
关键词
烤烟
氮磷钾减量
钾长石土壤调理剂
品质
肥料利用率
Flue-cured tobacco
Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction
Potassium feldspar soil conditioners
Quality
Fertilizer use efficiency
