摘要
针对中国所面临的低生育率风险,总结了国际上低生育率的发展形势、形成原因及政策干预概况;在此基础上,从全生命周期的角度系统介绍了一些国家和地区在促进婚恋、住房、家庭工作平衡、经济激励、托育服务、教育、医疗保健、公共设施配置等方面的具体做法,并阐释了其政策实施效果。中国可从中得到启示,促进生育是一个长期的系统工程,有着多元目标;促进生育政策覆盖家庭全生命周期各个阶段,通常以降低成本为核心。提出中国在促进生育政策与社会经济政策配套衔接的过程中,应该综合施策,采用全生命周期视角,以降低家庭生育和养育孩子的成本为导向,引导家庭做出生育决策。
China is facing a low-fertility risk. This paper summarises the global trend of low fertility along with its causes and policy intervention, and introduces the pronatalist policies from life-cycle perspective, which includes the policies from marriage, housing, family-work balance, financial incentives, childcare, education, public healthcare and public infrastructure. Although the policy effects remain controversial, some inspirations still can be obtained: encouraging childbearing is a long-term and systematic practice with multiple goals;pronatalist policies cover all stages of the family life cycle;and the core of such policies is cost reduction. In the process of promoting the convergence of fertility policy and social economic policy, China should adopt a full life cycle perspective with an aim to reduce the costs of childbearing as well as childrearing and implement comprehensive policies to guide families to make decisions on childbearing.
作者
林宝
谢楚楚
LIN Bao;XIE Chuchu(Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100028, China;Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 102488, China)
出处
《北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2019年第4期29-39,86,共12页
Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
中国人口
低生育率
生育政策
经济社会政策
家庭生命周期
China′s population
low fertility
fertility policies
economic social policies
family life cycle
