摘要
面对幼儿肥胖和体力活动下降,美国建立起覆盖个体、微观、宏观的积极社会生态系统,构建出较为完备的美国幼儿体育政策体系。美国联邦政府出台多项具有干预、指导、示范功能的幼儿体育政策,非政府组织发布涵盖多内容的指南、计划和方案,形成了强有力的研究和实践体系。在政策的引导下,幼儿个体与社会生态微观、宏观系统积极互动。家庭支持是幼儿参与体育活动的决定性因素,学校为全年龄幼儿提供高质量体育教育,社区建筑环境是幼儿参与体育活动的主要场所。积极出行方式、体质调查和积极体育行为倡导为幼儿体育提供了理念引导,形成了较为完备的幼儿体育社会生态系统。青少年体质下降,幼儿健康是根源性因素之一。举多部门协作之力,发挥多领域理论和实践优势建构适合中国幼儿身体发展的积极生态系统是当务之急。
In the face of childhood obesity and physical activity decreased, the United States have established positive social ecosystem covering individual, micro and macro three layers and built a relatively complete kids sports policy system. First of all, the federal government has issued a number of the kids sports policy with intervention, guidance, demonstration function. NGOs have issued guidelines, plans and programs to form a strong policy system. These policies include kids＇ physical activity, childhood obesity, child health promotion, high quality physical education, kids＇ physical education curriculum and preschool physical education teachers training. Secondly, under the guidance of the policy, It has positive interaction between individual and social micro and macro ecosystem. In the micro system of kids＇ sports social ecology, family support is the decisive factor for children to participate in sports activities. Kindergarten provides high quality physical education for kids of all ages. Community building environment is the main place for children to participate in sports activities. Active travel mode, physical investigation and positive sports behavior advocacy provide the concept of guidance for children＇s physical education and have formed a relatively complete social system of kids＇ sports. Children＇s health is one of the root causes of the decline of physical fitness. It is an urgent task to develop the active ecological system suitable for the development of Chinese young children by the multi sectoral cooperation.
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期3-11,47,共10页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(14BTY058)
