摘要
目的了解无锡市50岁及以上老年人高度近视眼患病率及其影响因素、高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变的患病率及其视力损伤情况。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法。于2010年1月至12月对无锡市滨湖区抽取了28个调查点、6150名50岁及以上人群进行现场调查。现场调查内容为问卷调查及全面的眼科检查，包括视力、屈光度、裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜检查等。屈光不正用等效球镜度数（SE）表示。若受检者SE〈-6．00D，眼底表现有后巩膜葡萄肿、漆纹样裂纹、Fuchs斑、近视弧形斑等近视性视网膜脉络膜萎缩病灶则诊断为高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变。按照WHO视力损伤分级：最佳矫正视力≥0．05但〈0．3为低视力，最佳矫正视力〈0．05为盲。结果受检者中，高度近视眼227例，占3．69％。其中，162例表现高度近视性视网膜脉络膜病变，占71．37％。性别、有无高度近视家族史、是否吸烟、是否饮酒患病率差异有统计学意义（X2=6．40，136．99，4．99，13．74；P〈O．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，有无高度近视眼家族史及饮酒是影响高度近视眼的因素，前者为危险因素，后者可能为保护因素。受检者中，双眼盲47例，单眼盲201例，双眼低视力84例，单眼低视力214例。162例高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变患者中，77例存在明显的视力损伤，占47．53％，其中双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力、单眼低视力的患者分别为3例、20例、16例和38例，分别占总受检人群中视力损伤者的6．38％，9．95％，19．05％，17．76％。结论无锡市50岁及以上老年人高度近视眼的患病率较高。高度近视眼家族史是影响高度近视眼重要危险因素，而饮酒可能为其保护因素。高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变引起的视力损伤不容忽视。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of high myopia and risk factors, the prevalence of high myopia associated with chorioretinopathy and visual acuity impairment in residents aged 50 years or over in Wuxi, China. Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected individuals aged ≥50 years in 28 communities in Binhu District of Wuxi from June to December 2010, 6150 individuals received questionnaire and a comprehensive eye examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp microscopic examination and direct ophthalmoscopy and so on. Spherical equivalent （SE） was used to determine the degree of refractive errors. The diagnosis of high myopic chorioretinopathy was made if SE 〈-6.00 D and myopic chorioretinal atrophy lesions were presented such as posterior scleral staphyloma, lacquer cracks, Fuchs spot and myopic arc spots. The degree of visual acuity impairment was determined according to the World Health Organization （WHO） classification as low vision （the best corrected visual acuity ~0.05, but〈0.3） or blindness （the best cor- rected visual acuity 〈0.05）. Results There were 227/6150 （3.69%） high myopia patients, in which 162/227 （71.37%） patients were associated with myopic chorioretinopathy. The prevalence of high myopia in gender, high myopia family history, smoking, alcohol drinking was different （X2=6.40, 136.99, 4.99, 13.74; P 〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were signifcant differ- ences in the prevalence of high myopia between people with family history and alcohogy drinking, the former was dangerous factor, and the latter was protective factor. There were 47 cases of bilater- al blindness, 20l cases of unilateral blindness, 84 cases of bilateral low vision and 214 cases of unilateral low vision in those participants. In 162 cases of high myopic chorioretinopathy patients, 77 （47.53%） cases had an obvious visual impairment, including 6.38% （3 cases） of bilateral blindness, 19.95% （20 cases） of unilateral blindness, 19.05% （16 cases） of bilateral low vision and 17.76% （38 cases） of unilateral low vision. Conclusions The prevalence of high myopia of residents aged i〉50 years in Wuxi, China is relatively high. Family history is the important risk factor and alcohol drink- ing is the protective factor in high myopia patients. High myopia associated with chorioretinopathy and visual acuity impairment cannot be ignored.
出处
《中国实用眼科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期635-640,共6页
Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology
关键词
患病率
高度近视
高度近视眼视网膜脉络膜病变
视力损伤
流行病学
Prevalence
High myopia
High myopia associated with chorioretinopathy
Visual acuity impairment
Epidemiology
