1Karataglis D, Stavridis SI, Petsatodis G, et al. New trends in fixation of proximal humeral fractures: a review. Injury, 2011, 42 (4) :330 -338.
2Bell JE, Leung BC, Spratt KF, et al. Trends and variation in incidence, surgical treatment, and repeat surgery of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2011, 93 (2) :121 -131.
3Hertel R, Hempfing A, Stiehler M, et al. Predictors of humeral head ischemia after intracapsular fracture of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2004, 13 (4) :427 - 433.
4Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) , 1970, 52 (6) : 1077 - 1089.
5Edelson G, Kelly I, Vigder F, et al. A three - dimensional classification for fractures of the proximal humerus. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2004, 86(3) :413 -425.
6Majed A, Macleod I, Bull AM, et al. Proximal humeral fracture classification systems revisited. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20 (7) :1125 - 1132.
7Murray IR, Amin AK, White TO, et al. Proximal humeral fractures: current concepts in classification, treatment and outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) , 2011, 93(1) :1 -11.
9Yu Z, Zheng L, Wang Y, et al. Functional and radiological evaluations of unstable displaced proximal humeral fractures treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning fixation. Eur Surg Res, 2010, 45(3 -4) :138 -145.
5Blaine TA, Brigliani LU, Levine WN. Fractures of the proximal humrus//Rockwood CA, Masten FA, Wirth MA, eds. The shoulder. Philadelphia : WB Sauders, 2004 : 355 - 396.
6Court - Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand, 2001, 72 ( 4 ) : 365 - 371.
7Hessmann MH, Hansen WS, Krummenauer F, et al. I.~cked plate fixation and intramedullary nailing for proximal humerus fractures: a biomechanical evaluation. J Trauma, 2005, 58 ( 6 ) : 1194 - 1201.
8Fankhauser F, Boldin C, Schippinger G, et al. A new locking plate for unstable fractures of the proximal humerus. Clin Orthop, 2005, (430) :176 -181.
9Moonot P, Ashwood N, Hamlet M. Early results for treatment of three - and four - part fractures of the proximal humerus using the PHILOS plate system. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2007, 89 (9): 1206 - 1209.
10Plecko M, Kraus A. Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the locking proximal humerus plate. Oper Orthop Traumatol, 2005, 17(1) :25 -50.
9Maier D, Jager M, Strohm PC, et al. Treatment of proximal humeral fractures: a review of current concepts enlightened by basic princi- ples[ J]. Acta Chit Orthop Traumatol Cech, 2012,79 ( 4 ) : 307 - 316.
10Roderer G, Erhardt J, Kuster M, et al. Second generation locked plat- ing of proximal humerus fractures : a prospective muhicentre observa- tional study [ J ]. Int Orthop,2011,35 ( 3 ) :425 - 432.
