摘要
依赖大规模的能源出口,一部分国家实现了持续高速的经济增长,另一部分国家却陷入了经济增长的长期停滞甚至衰退。显然,能源既可能是推动经济增长的"祝福",也可能是拖累经济发展的"诅咒"。为了探讨"能源祝福"与"能源诅咒"在不同能源出口国的分流原因,本文基于历史制度主义的研究路径建立了以产权制度为解释变量的分析框架,重点分析产权制度类型分异所导致的不同分流结果。通过定性比较分析以及对委内瑞拉和挪威的比较研究,本文发现:现代化起点较晚的能源出口国普遍在能源领域实行国家产权制度,这使得其国内主要能源企业在政府或政治家的要求下贡献超额税汇、提供大量补贴、影响选举结果。因而政府与政治家对能源企业形成了病态的依赖,限制了国内其他企业和产业的发展,最终拖累了经济增长并诱发了"能源诅咒"。相反,现代化起点较早的能源出口国往往会在能源领域实行私人产权制度,其国内主要能源企业无须承担上述责任,而政府与政治家也未对能源企业形成病态的依赖。国内其他企业和产业得以充分发展,最终实现了经济持续增长并获得了"能源祝福"。
Relying on large-scale energy exports,some countries have achieved sustainable and high-speed economic growth,while others have fallen into a long-term stagnation or even recession of economic growth.Obviously,energy may be the"blessing"for economic growth or the"curse"for the burden on economic development.In order to explore the reasons for the diversion of"energy blessing"and"energy curse"in different energy exporting countries,this thesis,based on the research route of historical institutionalism,establishes an analysis framework with the property rights system as the explanatory variable,focusing on the different diversion results caused by the different types of property rights system.Through the qualitative comparative analysis and the comparative study of Venezuela and Norway,this thesis finds that:the energy exporting countries with a late start of modernization generally implement the national property rights system in the energy field,which makes their main domestic energy enterprises provide excess tax and foreign currency,supply a large number of subsidies and affect the election results at the request of the government or statesmen.Therefore,the government and statesmen have formed a morbid dependence on energy enterprises,which has restricted the development of other domestic enterprises and industries,ultimately dragging down economic growth and inducing the"energy curse".On the contrary,energy exporting countries with an early start of modernization tend to implement private property rights in the field of energy.Their major domestic energy enterprises do not need to bear the above responsibilities and their government and statesmen do not form a pathological dependence on energy enterprises.Other domestic enterprises and industries can get fully developed,and finally achieved sustained economic growth and obtained the"energy blessing".
作者
宋亦明
邹仪婷
Song Yiming;Zou Yiting
出处
《世界政治研究》
2020年第4期93-137,141-142,共47页
World Politics Studies
基金
中国人民大学2019年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果
关键词
能源诅咒
能源祝福
产权制度
现代化
定性比较分析
Energy Curse
Energy Blessing
Property Rights System
Modernization
Qualitative Comparative Analysis
