摘要
作为维特根斯坦哲学的“正统”阐释者,哈克和贝克对于“中期”维特根斯坦元哲学理念的理解存有争议,他们的主要分歧在于他们对“中期”维特根斯坦“治疗型”哲学跟弗洛伊德的“精神分析”方法的关联持有不同的理解;他们对魏斯曼对“中期”维特根斯坦“治疗型”哲学理念的阐释有不同的理解;他们对魏斯曼的元哲学有不同的理解。本文基于对“中期”维特根斯坦哲学遗作文本和魏斯曼记录的相关文本的理解,来考察“中期”维特根斯坦的元哲学,从而尝试对哈克和贝克的争论做出回应。首先,基于文本考察,一方面,我发现哈克的阐释较为客观地揭露了“治疗型”哲学跟“精神分析”方法之间所存在的鸿沟;另一方面,我指出贝克的“精神分析式”阐释对魏斯曼的文本所体现的思想存在着误读。其次,我认为“中期”维特根斯坦有关“治疗型”哲学理念的“精神分析式”表述只是一种表达的风格,这是“疾病—病人—医生”的表述框架,不具有实质含义。维特根斯坦对“精神分析”方法的态度始终是理性的,他认识到了这种方法的积极和消极方面。最后,我认为魏斯曼的文本不能够作为“治疗型”哲学“精神分析式”解读的证据。“中期”维特根斯坦元哲学的核心在于综览视角和以语法研究为核心的哲学研究。
It is acknowledged that Peter Hacker and Gordon Baker are the“orthodoxical”interpreters of Wittgenstein.However,this does not mean that their understanding of Wittgenstein is homogeneous.One of the essential divergences between their interpretations is about the middle Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy as therapy.The divergence lies in three aspects:their view toward the connection between the middle Wittgenstein’s“therapeutic”philosophy and Freud’s“psychoanalytic”approach;their interpretation of the middle Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy as therapy;and their understanding of Friedrich Waismann’s conception of philosophy.To dissect the divergence between them,I investigate the middle Wittgenstein’s meta-philosophy through re-reading and analyzing the text of Nachlass and Waismann’s recordings.Based on my exegesis,I have four conclusions:first,Hacker has reasonably disclosed the gap between Wittgenstein’s method of“therapeutic”philosophy and Freud’s“psychoanalytic”approach.Second,Baker’s“psychoanalytic”interpretive model misunderstands Waismann’s texts.Third,Wittgenstein’s notion of philosophy as“psychoanalysis”is simply metaphorical.This notion is circumscribed by the“illness-patient-doctor”framework without any concrete implications.Wittgenstein had always maintained a rational attitude toward Freud’s“psychoanalysis”.This means that Wittgenstein not only had realized the pros and cons of Freud’s approach but also had always been precautious about Freud’s practice.Finally,if we re-read Waismann’s writings carefully,it is evident that Waismann’s texts should not be taken as the evidence of Baker’s“psychoanalytic”interpretive model of the middle Wittgenstein’s meta-philosophy.On the contrary,the fundamental idea for the middle Wittgenstein is the“overview”perspective and grammatical investigation.
出处
《清华西方哲学研究》
2022年第1期51-70,共20页
Tsinghua Studies in Western Philosophy
基金
西南民族大学2022年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助(项目号:2022SJL05YB)
