摘要
环境保护行刑衔接的实体规范立法模式包括“从有到好”的改进式立法模式和“从无到有”的新设式立法模式。环境保护行刑衔接宜优先适用行政法先行的立法技术;对具有严重法益侵害性而亟待刑法发挥强制力进行规制之行为,可补充适用刑法先行的立法技术。环境保护行刑衔接的实体规范优化在适用立场上体现为罪质要素、罪量要素以及法律责任层面的优化。对环境犯罪进行行政法违反之评价时,宜采取“行政违法且应罚”标准;环境犯罪行为要素对行政违法与刑事犯罪之界分的影响具有二元性。环境技术标准应是在国家规定中体现的标准,规范意义上的环境技术标准与科学意义上的环境技术标准之间的冲突需予以科学化解。强化环境保护要对有形罪量要素的行刑衔接进行规范阐释,对无形罪量要素的行刑衔接进行综合判断。依据环境犯罪的分类,需对罚金刑的具体科处方式做不同设置:污染环境犯罪宜优先考虑设置限额罚金制,同时依据行政法的对应规定例外适用倍比罚金制;破坏资源犯罪则宜优先采取倍比罚金制。
The research on optimization of substantive norms of connection of administrative and criminal law of environmental protection will start from both legislation and justice,take administrative law as the basis and criminal law as the benchmark,and organically combine important issues of substance and procedure.Modes of connection of administrative and criminal law of environmental protection include an improved legislative technique of“from existence to good”and a newly established legislative technique of“from nothing to existence”.The optimization of substantive norms of connection of administrative and criminal law of environmental protection is reflected in the elements of crime quality,crime quantity and legal responsibility in the applicable position.In the dimension of legislative guidance,the application order of the connection should give priority to the administrative law precedent legislative approach,and the application of the criminal law precedent legislative approach can be supplemented for acts that have serious legal interest violations and require the enforcement of criminal law to regulate.When administrative law violation of environmental crimes is evaluated,it is appropriate to adopt the standard of“administrative illegality and punishable”,and the impact of action elements of environmental crime on the distinction between administrative illegality and criminal offense is dualistic.Environmental technical standards,as the basis for delimiting the scope of environmental crime object and evaluating environmental quality,should be reflected in national regulations and scientifically resolve the conflicts between normative and scientific environmental technical standards.Strengthening environmental protection requires normative interpretation to the problem of the connection of tangible crime elements and a comprehensive judgment on the connection of intangible crime elements.According to the classification of environmental crimes,different specific punishment methods for fine penalties should be set up.Priority should be given to setting a limit fine system for environmental pollution crimes,with an exception for the application of a multiple fine system in accordance with the corresponding provisions of administrative law.It would be appropriate to prioritize the adoption of the multiple fine system for resource destruction crimes.
作者
侯艳芳
Hou Yanfang(East China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期123-137,共15页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“环境犯罪治理中法律责任的衔接及实现研究”(22BFX173)的阶段性成果
关键词
环境保护
行刑衔接
罪质要素
罪量要素
法律责任
Environmental Protection
Connection of Administrative and Criminal Law
Elements of Criminal Nature
Elements of Crime Quantity
Legal Liability
