摘要
首先介绍应变岩爆和矿震岩爆的发生条件,提出解释岩爆的球–崖概念模型,然后介绍2个金属矿山应变岩爆和矿震岩爆的案例。应变岩爆由应力集中引起,通常量级较小,在围岩中爆深比较浅。应变岩爆一般在埋深超过1000m初次开挖的岩体中。在已经经受过扰动的岩体中开挖,应变岩爆明显减少,甚至完全消失。矿震岩爆与旧断层滑移或者新断层形成有关。矿震岩爆量级分布宽,高量级矿震岩爆对围岩的破坏范围比应变岩爆大得多。还对岩爆支护方法的历史做了简要回顾,介绍了从软支护、硬支护到高能支护的演变过程和这些方法的理论根据。目前广泛采用的岩爆支护方法是使用高能屈服锚杆和高强临空面约束构件金属网和金属网带。理想的岩爆支护应该能够有效地把岩爆能转化为岩体支护构件变形能和围岩破坏能。
The conditions for strain burst and seismic rockburst are first introduced and a ball-cliff conceptual model for rockburst is proposed in the paper.Cases of strain burst and seismic rockburst in two metal mines are presented.Strain burst is caused by stress concentration,which is usually in a small magnitude and limited to a shallow depth in the country rock.Strain burst usually occurs in the initial excavation in a depth of more than 1 000 m.Strain burst becomes significantly decreased both in number and magnitude,and could disappear completely,during excavation in disturbed/damaged rock masses.Seismic rockburst is related to slippage of pre-existing faults or creation of new faults.The magnitude of seismic rockburst spreads in a wide range and strong seismic rockburst would bring about rock damage in a larger range than strain burst does.The changes of rockburst support methods are briefly reviewed in the paper.The rockburst support experienced an evolution process from soft support,hard support to high energy support.The theoretical bases of the methods are introduced.At present,the widely used rockburst support method is to use high-energy yielding rockbolts and high-strength surface restraint support components like wire meshes and wire straps.The ideal rockburst support should be able to effectively transform rockburst energy into deformation energy of the support components and rock fracture energy to weaken the surrounding rock.
作者
李春林
Charlie Chunlin Li(Department of Geoscience and Petroleum,Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU),Trondheim 7491,Norway)
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期674-682,共9页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
关键词
岩石力学
岩爆
应变岩爆
矿震岩爆
岩爆概念模型
岩体支护
高能屈服锚杆
rock mechanics
rockburst
strain burst
seismic rockburst
rockburst concept model
rockburst support
high-energy yielding rockbolts
