摘要
为了解深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控技术研究进展,对国内外相关文献进行了归纳总结。首先,从事前避免岩爆产生、事中降低岩爆危害及事后规避岩爆伤害等3个角度提出了岩爆风险防控的总体思路。然后,根据该思路归纳了岩爆防控的技术类型,并详细分析了各技术的内涵及其防控岩爆的机制。最后,对岩爆风险防控技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。结果表明:现有深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控技术可归纳为采矿设计、卸压技术、岩层改性、岩体支护及人员暴露等5个方面。其中,采矿设计包括采矿方法、采场参数、矿柱留设、回采顺序、回采速率及空区处理;卸压技术包括卸压爆破、卸压槽、卸压巷、卸压孔及卸压缝;岩层改性包括水压致裂、约束爆破及注水软化;岩体支护包括表面支护、内部支护及组合支护;人员暴露包括再进入协议、远程设备及人员防护。未来可从不同类型及不同风险等级岩爆防控体系构建、新技术研发、防控时机及效果评估等方面建立深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控指南。
In order to understand the research progress of rockburst risk prevention technology in deep hard rock mines, the relevant literature was summarized. Firstly, a general idea of rockburst risk prevention was proposed from three perspectives: avoiding rockburst before the occurrence, reducing the hazard of rockburst during the incident, and evading the damage of rockburst afterwards.Then, the types of rockburst prevention technology were summarized based on this idea. Additionally, the connotation of each technology and its prevention mechanism were analyzed in detail. Finally, the future development direction of rockburst risk prevention technology was prospected. The results show that the rockburst risk prevention technologies for deep hard rock mines can be summarized into five aspects: mining design, stress relief technology, alteration of rock formation properties, rock mass support and personnel exposure. Among them, the mining design includes mining methods, stope parameters, pillar retention, mining sequence, recovery rate, and goaf treatment. Stress relief technology includes distress blasting, stress relief slots, stress relief tunnels,stress relief holes and stress relief fissures. Alteration of rock formation properties includes hydraulic fracturing, confined blasting and water injection softening. Rock mass support includes surface support, internal support and combined support. Personnel exposure includes re-entry protocol, remote equipment and personnel protection. In the future, the prevention guidelines of rockburst risk in deep hard rock mines can be established from the construction of prevention systems for different types and risk levels of rockburst,research of new technologies, and evaluation of prevention time and effect.
作者
梁伟章
赵国彦
LIANG Wei-zhang;ZHAO Guo-yan(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410083,China)
出处
《岩土力学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S02期454-468,共15页
Rock and Soil Mechanics
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.51774321)
国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFC0604606)。
关键词
硬岩
深部矿山
岩爆风险
防控技术
hard rock
deep mine
rockburst risk
prevention technology
