摘要
退耕还林工程在新疆自 2 0 0 0年开始试点和 2 0 0 2年开始全面实施以来 ,虽然其效益尚未明显地显现 ,但可以肯定的是 ,它将使新疆绿洲生态系统的结构得到改善 ,减小沙尘暴的发生频率与强度 ,延缓和削弱局部土地沙化和盐碱化过程。本文介绍了新疆退耕还林工程的实施原则与措施以及新疆的退耕还林模式 ,分析了退耕还林工程的实施状况和由此带来的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益 ,同时也分析了退耕还林工程实施中尚存在的问题 。
Since making the experiments on the program of withdrawing from farming to afforesting in some counties and cities in Xinjiang from 2000 and extensively implementing the program from 2002, some achievements have been obtained. Although the benefits of withdrawing from farming to afforesting are not so obvious yet, it can be affirmed that the implementation of the program will be able to improve the structure of the oasis ecosystems, and their stability will be raised. The implementation of withdrawing from farming to afforesting can play the important roles in conserving water, controlling soil erosion and sand drift disasters, reducing the occurring frequency and intensity of sandstorms and floating dusts, decreasing local land desertification and soil salinization or alkalization, increasing the species and quantities of wild plants and the families and quantities of wild animals, and protecting the rare wild animals and plants as well as their habitats and the biodiversity. The implementation of withdrawing from farming to afforesting in Xinjiang is also advantageous for regulating the economic structure, obviously improving the rural, agricultural and farmers' production conditions, and increasing the farmers' economic income, living standard and quality. In this paper, the principles and the measures for implementing the program of withdrawing from farming to afforesting in Xinjiang are discussed, and the ecological benefits, social effects and economic returns brought about by the program are analyzed. The results show that, after implementing the program, the areas of soil erosion controlled in Xinjiang were 9.0×10 6 hm 2, 2.844×10 7 hm 2 and 1.931×10 7 hm 2 in 2000, 2001 and 2002 respectively, the areas of desertified land were reduced for 3.0×10 7 hm 2, 2.041×10 7 hm 2 and 1.059×10 9 hm 2, the vegetation coverage was increased for 0.0125%, 0.0171% and 0.2080%, and the forest coverage was increased for 0.0124%, 0.0153% and 0.2036% respectively.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第4期385-390,共6页
Arid Land Geography
基金
察布查尔县退耕还林总体布局及试验示范项目研究成果之一 (2 0 0 3 2 0 72 )
关键词
退耕还林
生态效益
生物多样性
绿洲
新疆
withdrawing from farming to afforesting
ecological benefit
biodiversity
oasis
Xinjiang
