摘要
目的分析银川市区大气PM_(2.5)及其化学成分污染趋势和来源,为科学减排提供依据。方法2015—2022年在银川市每月定期开展大气PM_(2.5)采样,采用重量法测定每日大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱法测定PM_(2.5)中金属、类金属元素和多环芳烃,采用富集因子和特征比值法分析PM_(2.5)中金属、类金属元素和多环芳烃来源,综合解析大气PM_(2.5)的来源。结果2015—2022年银川市区大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度呈下降趋势,各年份PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度仍超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级浓度限值(35μg/m^(3))。PM_(2.5)中金属、类金属元素和多环芳烃质量浓度均呈下降趋势,年度间差异有统计学意义,金属元素铝、锰、铅和多环芳烃荧蒽、芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、䓛占比持续较高。银川市区大气PM_(2.5)化学成分主要来自燃煤污染、交通污染、液化石油燃料燃烧和垃圾焚烧污染,2015—2017年,燃煤污染和交通污染并重,2018—2022年,燃煤污染有所下降。结论银川市区空气质量呈好转趋势,但污染形势依然严峻,燃煤污染和交通污染并存,并伴随液化石油燃料燃烧和垃圾焚烧污染。
Objective To analyze the trend and sources of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its chemical component pollution in Yinchuan City,China from 2015 to 2022,and to provide a basis for scientific emission reduction and better control of atmospheric PM_(2.5)pollution in Yinchuan City.Methods Two sampling sites were set up in the urban area of Yinchuan and regular monthly atmospheric PM_(2.5)sampling was conducted.The daily atmospheric PM_(2.5)mass concentration was measured using the gravimetric method.The concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound metal or metalloid elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.The sources of PM_(2.5)-bound metal or metalloid elements and PAHs were analyzed using the enrichment factor analysis and characteristic ratio method,and the sources of atmospheric PM_(2.5)were comprehensively analyzed.Results The mass concentration of atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Yinchuan City showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2022,but the mean annual mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)exceeded the secondary concentration limit(35μg/m^(3))specified in the Ambient Air Quality Standards(GB 3095-2012)in all years.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound metals,metalloids,and PAHs showed a decreasing trend,and the difference between years was statistically significant.The proportions of metal elements aluminum,manganese,lead,and PAHs fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo[b]fluoranthene,and chrysene were continuously high.The chemical components of PM_(2.5)in the atmosphere of Yinchuan City mainly came from coal-burning pollution,traffic pollution,combustion of liquefied petroleum fuels,and waste incineration pollution.from 2015 to 2017,coal-burning pollution and traffic pollution were equally severe.from 2018 to 2022,coal-burning pollution decreased.Conclusion The air quality of Yinchuan City shows an improving trend,but the pollution situation is still severe,with coal-burning pollution and traffic pollutioncoexisting,accompanied by combustion of liquefied petroleum fuels and waste incineration pollution.
作者
牛照地
高贵桃
刘芳芳
吴惠忠
NIU Zhao-di;GAO Gui-tao;LIU Fang-fang;WU Hui-zhong(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine,Yinchuan 750004,China)
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2025年第3期203-210,共8页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
