摘要
镍矿资源主要有硫化镍矿和红土镍矿两种,在硫化镍矿的储量和品位持续下降的背景下,红土镍矿日益成为全球镍资源开发的主体。红土镍矿是由铁氧化物和硅酸盐的多种水合物在热带及亚热带等雨水丰富的地区经风化形成的,如何高效利用红土镍矿对我国经济发展和环境保护具有重要意义。本文概述了红土镍矿的性质以及还原焙烧-氨浸、高压酸浸、常压酸浸、碱浸等湿法工艺和RKEF工艺、小高炉工艺、还原硫化熔炼镍锍、还原焙烧-磁选等火法工艺及氯化法、硫酸化焙烧-水浸、微生物浸出、微波处理等其他工艺,对各种工艺的优缺点进行了对比分析,并提出了未来镍资源开发的发展趋势。
Nickel ore resources mainly include nickel sulfide ore and laterite nickel ore.Under the background of the continuous decline in the reserves and grade of nickel sulfide ore,laterite nickel ore has increasingly become the main body of global nickel resources.Laterite nickel ore is formed by weathering of various hydrates of iron oxides and silicates in rain-rich areas such as tropical and subtropical regions.How to efficiently utilize laterite nickel ore is of great significance to China’s economic development and environmental protection.This article provides an overview of the properties of laterite nickel ore,as well as wet processes such as reduction roasting ammonia leaching,high-pressure acid leaching,atmospheric pressure acid leaching,alkali leaching,and pyrometallurgical processes such as RKEF process,small blast furnace process,reduction sulfide smelting nickel matte,reduction roasting magnetic separation,and other processes such as chlorination,sulfation roasting water leaching,microbial leaching,microwave treatment,etc.The advantages and disadvantages of various processes are compared and analyzed,and the development trend of nickel resources in the future is put forward.
作者
王蓓琳
高利坤
饶兵
陆一铭
WANG Beilin;GAO Likun;RAO Bing;LU Yiming(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming Yunnan 650093,China)
出处
《化工矿物与加工》
2025年第2期59-69,共11页
Industrial Minerals & Processing
关键词
红土镍矿
高压酸浸
常压酸浸
碱浸
氯化法
焙烧
微波
laterite nickel ore
high pressure acid leaching
atmospheric pressure acid leaching
alkali leaching
chlorination method
roasting
microwave
