摘要
青茵橄榄是从甜种橄榄实生群体中,通过单株选育而成的优质鲜食新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量8.32 g。成熟时果皮黄绿色,果肉黄白色,口感爽脆、较化渣、涩味轻、回甘,香气浓。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为14.4%,粗纤维含量为3.7%,总糖含量为5.3 g·100 g^(-1),可滴定酸含量为10.56 g·kg^(-1),维生素C含量为20.96 mg·100 g^(-1),单宁含量为1.21×10^(4)mg·kg^(-1),钙含量为1.56×10^(3)mg·kg^(-1),可食率为82.3%。该品种树势强健,树姿开张,分枝能力较强,嫁接苗种植3 a(年)后开始结果。结果树初花期为4月中旬,果实生育期210~225 d,在粤东地区成熟期为11月下旬,属中晚熟品种。耐旱不耐寒,抗病性中等。适合在广东省青榄产区种植,10 a结果树平均每666.7 m^(2)产量达1002.5 kg,丰产性好。
Qingyin is an middle-late-season and table Chinese olive selected from a seeding of Tianzhong olive.It was initially selected in 2012 for its good taste with light astringency and full aroma.Through propagation by grafting,the fruit of grafted progeny was crisp and refreshing,and had certain aftertaste,with a litte fiber and light astringency.However,the fine characteristic of Qingyin Ganlan remained basically.After regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Chaozhou,Jieyang,and Shantou cities)over two years from 2021 to 2023,it was finally selected in 2023.This cultivar is tall,attaining a height of 10-20 m,and the tree is vigorous with semicircular crown and upright tree gesture.Young branches are rough,and dull grey-brown in color.Leaf is imparipinnate and 19.7-41.5 cm long,and leaflets are elliptic,acuminate,leathery,3.7-16.7 cm long,2.1-6.3 cm wide,and smoothness.Inflorescences are racemose and panicle,and the flower is yellowish-white,0.3-0.5 cm in diameter,and pedicel without villous.Its fruit is oval and the average fruit weight is 8.32 g.When the fruit is ripe,the skin is yellowish green and the flesh is yellowish white.And it tastes crisp and refreshing with some aftertaste,a litte fiber and light astringency.The fruit edible rate is 82.3%,with the soluble solids content 14.4%,crude fiber 3.7%,the total sugar content 5.3 g·100 g^(-1),the titratable acidity content 10.56 g kg^(-1),the vitamin C content 20.96 mg·100 g^(-1),the tannin content 1.21×10^(4) mg kg^(-1),and the calcium content 1.56×10^(3) mg kg^(-1).The edible rate is 82.3%.The flowering period is from late April to early June.The fruit development period is 210-225 days,and it matures at the end of November in the east area of Guangdong province.The fruit branches are the spring shoots,with about 75%growing from the previous autumn shoots.The inflorescences are extracted from the axils of fruit branches,mostly on the top of the final and subfinal branches.Fruit setting rate is 18.5%-22.3%.It is resistant to drought,but frigolabile,and the disease resistance is moderate.Suitable cultivation area is in Guangdong province,and this variety can bear fruits next year after grafted,and has a high yield potential.The average yield of ten-year-old trees in Guangdong province is 1002.5 kg·666.7 m^(-2).Orchards should be chosen on lateritic soil which is flat and has ability of moisture and fertilizer retention;spacing in the row and spacing between rows are(4-5)m×6 m;pruning includes pinching,bending and cutting-back,aiming at controlling tree height and maintaining tree vigor.
作者
肖维强
李祝成
陈盖洵
倪晓榕
赖多
庄庆礼
邵雪花
秦健
张力
林洁瑶
刘传滨
XIAO Weiqiang;LI Zhucheng;CHEN Gaixun;NI Xiaorong;LAI Duo;ZHUANG Qingli;SHAO Xuehua;QIN Jian;ZHANG LI;LIN Jieyao;LIU Chuanbin(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biologyand Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Chaozhou City Jiancheng Agricultural Comprehensive Development Co.,LTD,Chaoan 515726,Guangdong,China;Chaozhou Fruit Research Institute,Raoping 515700,Guangdong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期444-448,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
广东省潮州市科技计划项目(202101ZD06)
广东省科技厅驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目(KTP20210112)。
关键词
橄榄
新品种
青茵橄榄
Canarium album
New cultivar
Qingyin Ganlan
