摘要
为了研究胎次、围产前期在圈天数(days in the prepartum group,DPG)对规模化牧场奶牛生产性能及产后健康的影响,试验采集内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市和林格尔县某大型规模化牧场2022年11月份—2023年2月份产犊的2470头1~6胎次、平均体重为(650±50 kg)荷斯坦奶牛的生产数据,根据胎次将奶牛分为1胎次组、2胎次组及3~6胎组,根据DPG将奶牛分为7~10 d组、11~14 d组、15~18 d组、19~22 d组、23~26 d组、27~30 d组,采用单因素方差分析不同胎次、DPG对牧场平均奶牛产奶量和犊牛初生重的影响,并分析了产后首次配种受胎率、产后胎衣不下发病率和产后60 d淘汰率的变化规律。结果表明:1胎次组平均产奶量和犊牛初生重显著低于2胎次组和3~6胎次组(P<0.05);2胎次组和3~6胎次组的平均产奶量和犊牛初生重差异不显著(P>0.05)。DPG 11~14 d组、15~18 d组、19~22 d组平均产奶量显著高于7~10 d组、23~26 d组和27~30 d组(P<0.05);DPG 7~10 d组、23~26 d组和27~30 d组间的平均产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),DPG 15~18 d组、19~22 d组、23~26 d、27~30 d组所产犊牛的初生重显著高于7~10 d组和11~14 d组(P<0.05),DPG 11~14 d组奶牛所产犊牛的初生重显著高于7~10 d组(P<0.05)。随着胎次的增加,奶牛产后首次配种受胎率逐渐下降,产后胎衣不下发病率和产后60 d淘汰率逐渐增加;随着DPG的增加,奶牛产后首次配种受胎率大体呈增加趋势,产后胎衣不下发病率和产后60 d淘汰率逐渐降低。说明通过调整奶牛的胎次和DPG可以提高奶牛的生产性能和产后健康情况。
In order to study the effects of days in the prepartum group(DPG)before perinatal period on the production performance and postpartum health of dairy cows in large-scale pastures,the production data of 2470 Holstein cows with an average weight of(650±50 kg)in 1-6 parities from November 2022 to February 2023 in a large-scale pasture in Helingeer County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected.According to the parity,the cows were divided into the 1st parity group,the 2nd parity group and the 3rd to 6th parity group.The cows were divided into 7-10 d,11-14 d,15-18 d,19-22 d,23-26 d and 27-30 d group according to DPG.Univariate variance was used to analyze the effects of different parity and DPG on average milk yield of dairy cows and birth weight of calves in the pasture,and the changes of the conception rate of the first mating,the incidence of postpartum retained placenta and the 60-day elimination rate after delivery were analyzed.The results showed that the average milk yield and the birth weight of calves in the 1st parity group were significantly lower than those in the 2nd parity group and the 3rd to 6th parity group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average milk yield and the birth weight of calves between the 2nd parities group and the 3rd to 6th parities group(P>0.05).The average milk yield of dairy cows in the 11-14 d,15-18 d and 19-22 d group of DPG was significantly higher than that in the 7-10 d,the 23-26 d group and the 27-30 d·39·2025(02):39-43畜牧科学group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average milk yield among the 7-10 d,the 23-26 d and the 27-30 d group of DPG(P>0.05).The birth weight of calves in the 15-18 d,19-22 d,23-26 d,27-30 d group of DPG was significantly higher than that in the 7-10 d and the 11-14 d group(P<0.05).The birth weight of calves in the 11-14 d group of DPG was significantly higher than that in the 7-10 d group(P<0.05).With the increase of parity,the first mating conception rate of dairy cows decreased gradually,while the incidence of postpartum retained placenta and the 60-day elimination rate after delivery increased gradually.With the increase of DPG,the first mating conception rate of dairy cows increased gradually,while the incidence of postpartum retained placenta and the 60-day elimination rate after delivery decreased gradually.The results indicated that the production performance and postpartum health of dairy cows could be improved by adjusting the parity and DPG of dairy cows.
作者
李霞
刘娜
扎拉嘎
安晓萍
王小艳
王园
齐景伟
王文文
LI Xia;LIU Na;Zhalaga;AN Xiaoping;WANG Xiaoyan;WANG Yuan;QI Jingwei;WANG Wenwen(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/Engineering Technology Research Center of Herbivorous Livestock Feed,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Shengmu High-Tech Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010111,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2025年第2期39-43,共5页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研攻关-2
2023-JSGG-4
2023-QNRC-10)。
关键词
胎次
围产前期在围天数
奶牛
产奶量
产后健康
parity
early perinatal period days in the prepartum group
dairy cows
milk yield
postpartum health
