摘要
为探究长江中下游地区不同比例沼液替代化肥对稻油轮作周年产量效益及土壤养分的影响,以油稻周年轮作栽培模式为研究对象,在2个稻油轮作典型生产区(L1、L2),分别设置常规施肥(B0)、沼液替代15%(B15)、30%(B30)和45%(B45)处理,对比不同施肥处理作物下产量构成、耕层土壤养分和周年产量效益等差异。结果表明:B15和B30周年产量(15.03~15.10 t/hm^(2))和周年效益(5.12万~5.24万元/hm^(2))高于其他处理;B15和B30单株有效角果数(467.1~515.7个)、每角粒数(15.6~17.4粒)和有效穗(314.1万~357.1万穗/hm^(2))均较B0显著提升;沼液替代化肥改善耕层土壤酸碱度,pH值增加2.2%~8.1%,对耕层土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量无显著影响。由此可知,稻油轮作油菜季适宜沼液替代化肥比例为15%~30%,长期替代的影响效应还有待进一步研究。
This study aims to explore the effects of different proportions of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer on the annual yield and benefits and the soil nutrients of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In two typical rice-oilseed rape rotation areas(L1 and L2),four treatments including conventional fertilization(B0)and biogas slurry replacing 15%(B15),30%(B30),and 45%(B45)chemical fertilizer were designed,and the crop yield components,topsoil nutrients,and annual yield and benefits were compared among different treatments.The results showed that the annual yields(15.03-15.10 t/hm^(2))and annual benefits(5.12×104-5.24×104 yuan/hm^(2))of B15 and B30 were higher than those of other treatments.B15 and B30 showed significantly higher pods per plant(467.1-515.7 pods/plant),seeds per pod(15.6-17.4 seeds/pod),and effective panicles(314.1×104-357.1×104 panicles/hm^(2))than B0.Moreover,replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry improved the acidity and alkalinity of topsoil,increasing pH by 2.2%-8.1%.However,it had no significant effect on the content of organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium in topsoil.Therefore,the suitable proportion of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer in the growing period of oilseed rape in the rice-oilseed rape rotation system is 15%-30%,and the long-term effects of the replacement remain to be studied.
作者
潘志军
吴小文
吴晨阳
陈龙
胡志刚
王慧敏
廖霞
李帆
PAN Zhi-jun;WU Xiao-wen;WU Chen-yang;CHEN Long;HU Zhi-gang;WANG Hui-min;LIAO Xia;LI Fan(Lujiang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Lujiang 231501,PRC;Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,PRC;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 236065,PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2024年第12期49-53,共5页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2301405)
农业农村部全国绿色种养循环农业试点项目(LJZY2022-17/18)
安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2024)
安徽农业大学·庐江县绿色发展与农产品安全产业联盟(2024)。
关键词
稻油轮作
有机肥
沼液
产量
土壤养分
rice-oilseed rape rotation
organic fertilizer
biogas slurry
yield
soil nutrients
