摘要
随着我国经济高速增长,电镀行业也进入快速发展期,电镀过程中产生的污染物日益受到关注.本文对电镀过程中不同环节产生的污染物进行探究,识别出重金属、全氟化合物等特征污染物.通过对全国不同地区电镀厂污染物排放的系统分析,阐明生产工艺、运行时间等对污染物时空分布的影响,发现检测出高浓度重金属、全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulphonate,PFOS)以及全氟烷基醚磺酸盐(6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate,F-53B)的电镀厂集中分布在长三角、珠三角和京津冀等经济区.与《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB36600—2018)建设用地第二类用地土壤污染风险筛选值对比,Ni和Cr(Ⅵ)超标较为严重,超标倍数最高达9.24倍和1965倍,超标点位均位于电镀场地内部,尤其是电镀车间及废水处理区域.建厂时间越早的电镀厂因管理处置措施不完善等原因检测出的污染物浓度越高.对于全氟化合物,电镀园区污水中PFOS和F-53B的含量较高,达到mg·L^(−1)水平,非电镀园区水体中PFOS和F-53B的含量在pg·L^(−1)至ng·L^(−1)水平.在同一地区随着年度的增长,PFOS和F-53B的含量也在增加,F-53B的增长速度远高于PFOS.对重金属和PFOS进行风险评估,发现单个重金属的潜在生态风险指数E_(r)^(i)平均值排序为Cd>Hg>Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>As,这与不同地区背景值差异有关.地表水中PFOS的风险熵RQ值为0—7.5,存在健康风险的点位分布在电镀园区内部及周边,非电镀园区附近的地表水均无健康风险.本研究可为电镀场地污染控制以及新污染物的防控提供支撑.
Along with the robust growth of the economy,electroplating industry has entered a rapid developing period,and the contaminants generated during electroplating process have drawn tremendous attention.In this paper,the pollutants produced in different links of electroplating process were investigated.The characteristic pollutants such as heavy metals and perfluorinated compounds were identified.The effects of production technologies and running time on the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants were illustrated via systematic analysis.High levels of heavy metals,perfluorooctane sulphonate(PFOS),and perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate(6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate,F-53B)were detected in electroplating plants concentrated in the economic zones,namely the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Compared with the risk screening values on heavy metals for soil contamination of the second type land in the"Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land"(GB36600—2018),Ni and Cr(Ⅵ)exceeded the standard seriously,with the maximum multiple of 9.24 times and 1965 times.The exceeding points were all located inside the electroplating sites,especially electroplating workshops and wastewater treatment areas.The earlier the electroplating plants were built,the higher the concentrations of pollutants were detected due to imperfect management and disposal measures.For perfluorinated compounds,the contents of PFOS and F-53B in the wastewater of electroplating park were relatively high,reaching the level of mg·L^(−1),while the contents of PFOS and F-53B in the water of non-electroplating park ranged from pg·L^(−1) to ng·L^(−1).In the same area,the content of PFOS and F-53B also increased with the annual increase,but the growth rate of F-53B was much higher than that of PFOS.Risk assessment of heavy metals and PFOS showed that the average value of potential ecological risk index E_(r)^(i) was Cd>Hg>Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>As,which was related to the variations of background values in different regions.The RQ value of the risk entropy of PFOS in surface water ranged from 0 to 7.5.The points with health risks were distributed in and around the electroplating parks,the surface water not near the electroplating park did not show health risks.Insights gained from this study can provide support for electroplating site pollution control and prevention of new pollutants.
作者
王晨熹
鹿晓菲
杨济妮
赵子鹰
张琦凡
史斌
李倩倩
苏贵金
许玉琳
冯思婷
孟晶
WANG Chenxi;LU Xiaofei;YANG Jini;ZHAO Ziying;ZHANG Qifan;SHI Bin;LI Qianqian;SU Guijin;XU Yulin;FENG Siting;MENG Jing(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,110168,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing,100035,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1881-1897,共17页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1800300)
国家自然科学基金(42277387)
辽宁省自然科学基金(2021-BS-171)资助.
