摘要
目的对成都市某区2018—2022年水痘疫情流行规律及疫苗接种情况进行分析,以期为今后水痘疫情防控工作提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统、四川省免疫规划信息管理系统导出2018—2022年现住址为成都市某区的水痘病例信息和疫苗接种数据,使用SPSS 25.0软件对水痘疫情、病例人群分布、疫苗接种等情况进行流行病学分析。结果2018—2022年成都市某区共报告水痘病例2157例,发病率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=126.182,P<0.001);每年报告病例数呈双峰分布,第一高峰在4~6月,共报告630例(29.21%),第二高峰在10~12月,共报告798例(37.00%);5年来共处置聚集性疫情24起,无暴发疫情,其中小学15起(62.50%)、中学9起(37.50%)。水痘病例中男性1144例,女性1013例,男性发病率(39.99/10万)高于女性(36.57/10万)(χ^(2)=4.009,P=0.045)。水痘病例发病年龄为1月龄至68岁,发病率以<1岁组最高(229.26/10万)、7~14岁组次之(194.44/10万),表现出发病年龄后移现象,各年龄组发病率均呈下降趋势。病例主要为学生,共1095例,占报告病例总数的50.76%;其次为其他职业人员,共687例,占报告病例总数的31.85%,不同年份成都市某区水痘报告病例的职业分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.698,P=0.024)。成都市某区2018—2022年1岁龄儿童水痘疫苗平均接种率为80.48%,水痘疫苗接种率与水痘发病率间无相关性(r=-0.500,P=0.391)。结论2018—2022年成都市某区水痘疫情防控成效显著,学校为水痘聚集性疫情的高发地点,提示该区应继续加强水痘健康教育、预防接种、疫情监测及规范处置等防控措施。
Objective This study aims to analyze the epidemic patterns of varicella and the vaccination status in a district of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022 to provide evidence for future prevention and control of varicella.Methods Varicella case information and vaccination data of individuals residing in a district of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022 were exported from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the Sichuan Provincial Information Management System for Immunization Program.Epidemiological analysis of varicella epidemic,case distribution,and vaccination status was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software.Results A total of 2157 varicella cases were reported in a district of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022,and the incidence rate showed a decreasing trend(χ^(2)trend=126.182,P<0.001).The number of reported cases showed a bimodal distribution each year,with the first peak occurring from April to June,with a total of 630 cases(29.21%),and the second peak occurring from October to December,with a total of 798 cases(37.00%).During the fiveyear period,there were 24 clusters of varicella outbreaks,but no epidemic outbreaks.Among them,15 outbreaks occurred in primary schools(62.50%)and 9 outbreaks in middle schools(37.50%).Overall,1144 male cases and 1013 female cases were observed,with a higher incidence rate in males than in females(39.99/100000 vs.36.57/100000;χ^(2)=4.009,P=0.045).The age of onset of varicella cases ranged from 1 month to 68 years,with the highest incidence rate in the<1 year age group(229.26/100000)and the second highest in the 7-14 year age group(194.44/100000).There was a trend of later onset of varicella in different age groups,and the incidence rate decreased in all age groups.The majority of cases were students,with a total of 1095 cases,accounting for 50.76%of the reported cases.The second most common occupation was other professionals,with a total of 687 cases,accounting for 31.85%of the reported cases.Statistically significant differences were found in the occupational distribution of reported varicella cases in a district of Chengdu City in different years(χ^(2)=17.698,P=0.024).The average vaccination rate for varicella vaccine among 1-year-old children in a district of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022 was 80.48%.No correlation was noted between varicella vaccination rate and incidence rate(r=-0.500,P=0.391).Conclusion The prevention and control of varicella in a district of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022 has achieved marked results.Schools are high-risk areas for varicella outbreaks,suggesting that the district should continue to strengthen varicella health education,vaccination,epidemic monitoring,and standardized control measures.
作者
宋泰霞
刘志坚
杨静
温雅
杜训波
Song Taixia;Liu Zhijian;Yang Jing;Wen Ya;Du Xunbo(Department of Infection Disease Prevention and Immunization Program,Chengdu Chenghua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,China;Department of Infection Disease Prevention,Chengdu Chenghua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610000,China)
出处
《保健医学研究与实践》
2024年第2期46-51,共6页
Health Medicine Research and Practice
基金
四川省成都市科技局重点研发支撑计划技术创新研发项目(2020-YF05-00133-SN)
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020-PT330-005)
中华预防医学会项目。
关键词
水痘疫情
疫苗接种
流行病学
Varicella epidemic
Vaccination
Epidemiology
