摘要
【目的】研究不同播期与密度双因素对棉花生长的影响,分析不同播期下棉花高产的适宜种植密度。【方法】2022年于新疆塔城地区沙湾市进行裂区试验,设置3个播期主区(4月11日、18日和25日,记作B_(1)、B_(2)、B_(3)),3个密度副区(18×10^(4)、22.5×10^(4)和27×10^(4)株/hm^(2),记作M_(1)、M_(2)、M_(3)),研究播期与密度双因素对棉花出苗率、生育进程、农艺性状、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】播后膜下5 cm地温高有利于棉花早出苗,且出苗率提高。在同一播期下,随种植密度的增加,棉花生育期延长,株高、茎粗、果枝数及单株铃数的平均值均显著降低。在同一密度下,播期推迟,棉花的平均生育期缩短,平均单株及群体干物质积累量下降,单株铃数显著降低,平均籽棉产量降低。早播条件下,高密度(M_(3),27×10^(4)株/hm^(2))籽棉产量最高,为7519.70 kg/hm^(2)。中播或晚播条件下,中等密度(M_(2),22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2))产量较高,分别为7671.90和6913.27 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】在气候适宜的情况下应适期提早播种,播期为4月11日时适宜的种植密度为27×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(M_(3)),播期为4月18日(B_(2))或4月25日(B_(3))时种植密度为22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(M_(2))有利于棉花产量的提高。
【Objective】To study the effects of different combinations of sowing period and density on the growth of cotton and investigate the suitable planting density for high cotton yield under different sowing periods.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in Shawan City,the Tacheng region of Xinjiang in 2022 by using a split-zone experimental design with three main sowing zones,(April 11,April 18 and April 25,remember B_(1),B_(2),B_(3)),and three density sub-zones(180,000,225,000 and 270,000 plants/hm^(2),renember M_(1),M_(2),M_(3)),respectively,to study the effects of the two factors of sowing and density on seedling emergence,fertility process,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton.Afterwards,the effects of sowing and density on seedling rate,fertility,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and yield were studied.【Results】The results showed that high ground temperature under the film 5 cm after sowing was beneficial to early emergence of cotton,and the emergence rate was increased.Under the same sowing period,with the increase of planting density,the fertility period of cotton was prolonged and the mean values of plant height,stem thickness,number of fruiting branches and number of boll per plant were significantly reduced.Under the same density,the average fertility period of cotton was shortened with delayed sowing,the average dry matter accumulation per plant and population was decreased,the number of boll per plant was significantly lower,and the average seed cotton yield was reduced.Under the early sowing condition,the highest seed cotton yield was 7,519.70 kg/hm^(2) at high density(M_(3),270,000 plants/hm^(2)),and the higher yield was 7,671.90 and 6,913.27 kg/hm^(2) at medium or late sowing conditions at medium density(M_(2),225,000 plants/hm^(2)),respectively.【Conclusion】On balance,under suitable weather conditions,the appropriate planting density is 270,000 plants/hm^(2)(M_(3))when the sowing date is April 11,and 225,000 plants/hm^(2)(M_(2))when the sowing date is April 18(B_(2))or April 25(B_(3)),which is conducive to the improvement of cotton yield.
作者
张俊尧
王家勇
唐江华
娄善伟
李文珊
徐文修
孟令贻
何洪涛
桑军民
ZHANG Junyao;WANG Jiayong;TANG Jianghua;LOU Shanwei;LI Wenshan;XU Wenxiu;MENG Lingyi;HE Hongtao;SANG Junmin(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Economic crop research insitute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research center,Urumqi 830091,China;Shawan Shuangquan Agricultural Cooperative,Shawan Xinjiang 834709,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期547-555,共9页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301205-03,2020YFD1001001)。
关键词
棉花
播期
种植密度
产量
cotton
sowing date
planting density
yield
