摘要
【目的】探明豫东地区春播花生适宜的人工播种和机械播种模式,为提升豫东地区花生种植效益、推动花生产业高质量发展提供参考。【方法】采用L8(4×24)正交试验方法,研究播种密度、每穴种子数、包衣剂用量、起垄高度和底肥用量5个因素对花生株高、总分枝数、倒伏率、单株无效果针数、单株饱果数、单株秕果数、单株饱果率、单株果重、百果重、百仁重、出仁率、荚果产量和叶片SPAD值等方面的影响,并分析不同栽培因素与荚果产量的相关性。【结果】增加花生播种密度可显著促进株高,加重倒伏,显著降低总分枝数、单株饱果数、单株秕果数和单株果重;荚果产量随着种植密度增加呈先升后降趋势,最佳播种密度为21万穴/hm^(2)。与每穴种子数1粒相比,2粒可显著提升株高和荚果产量,但显著降低总分枝数、无效果针数、单株饱果数、单株秕果数、单株果重和百果重。种子包衣可显著提高荚果产量和单株果重。起垄种植可显著提高单株果重和百仁重,但显著降低株高。适当减少底肥用量对花生各农艺性状均无显著影响。每穴种子数、包衣剂用量、种植密度和底肥用量均与荚果产量正相关,其中,每穴种子数与荚果产量的相关性达显著水平;起垄高度与荚果产量呈负相关,未达显著水平。8种种植模式(P1~P8)在株高、总分枝数、无效果针数、单株饱果数、单株秕果数、单株果重、百果重和荚果产量方面存在极显著差异,在倒伏率、百仁重、出仁率和生长后期叶片SPAD值方面存在显著差异。人工播种模式下P4处理和机械播种模式下P5处理的荚果产量均最高,分别达5401.65 kg/hm^(2)和5024.40 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】综合考虑花生产量和投入成本,豫东地区春播花生最佳种植模式:人工播种为密度18万穴/hm^(2),2粒/穴,种子包衣,起垄,底肥复合肥料硫酸钾用量102.0 kg/hm^(2);机器播种为密度21万穴/hm^(2),1粒/穴,种子包衣,起垄,底肥复合肥料硫酸钾用量102.0 kg/hm^(2)。
【Objective】The suitable artificial sowing and mechanical sowing modes of spring peanut in eastern Henan were explored,which provided reference for improving cultivation benefits and high-quality development of peanut industry in Eastern Henan.【Method】The L8(4×24)orthogonal test method was used to study the effects of 5 factors(planting density,number of seeds per hole,dosage of coating agent,ridge height and base fertilizer dosage)on plant height,the number of total branches,lodging rate,the number of invalid gynophores per plant,the number of full pods per plant,the number of blighted pods per plant,well-filled pod rate per plant,pods weight per plant,100-pod weight,100-seed weight,shelling percentage,pod yield and SPAD of leaves.And the correlation between different factors and pod yield were analyzed.【Result】The plant height and lodging rate were significantly increased by increasing planting density,but the number of total branches,the number of full pods per plant,the number of blighted pods per plant and pods weight per plant were significantly decreased by increasing planting density.With the increase of planting density,pod yield first increased and then decreased.The optimum planting density was 210000 holes/hm^(2).Comparing one seed per hole,the treatment of two seeds per hole significantly increased the plant height and the pod yield,but significantly decreased the number of total branches,the number of invalid gynophores,the number of full pods per plant,the number of blighted pods per plant,pods weight per plant and 100-pod weight.Seed coating significantly increased pod yield and pods weight per plant.Ridging significantly increased pods weight per plant and 100-seed weight,but significantly decreased plant height.Properly reducing the dosage of base fertilizer had no significant effect on all the agronomic traits.The number of seeds per hole,dosage of coating agent,planting density and cloasge of base fertilizer were all positive correlated with pod yield,among which the number of seeds per hole was significantly correlated with the pod yield.The ridge height was negatively correlated with the pod yield,but not at a significant level.Among the 8 treatments(P1-P8),there were very significant differences in plant height,the number of total branches,the number of invalid gynophores,the number of full pods per plant,the number of blighted pods per plant,pods weight per plant,100-pod weight and pod yield,and also there were significant differences in lodging rate,100-seed weight,shelling percentage and the SPAD value of leaves in late growth period.P4 treatment with manual sowing mode and P5 with treatments mechanical sowing mode had the highest pod yield with 5401.65 kg/hm^(2)and 5024.40 kg/hm^(2),respectively.【Conclusion】Considering the peanut yield and input costs,the cultivation modes of spring peanut in eastern Henan were suggested as follows:the planting density of manual sowing model should be 180000 holes/hm^(2),two seeds per hole,seed coating,ridging and the base fertilizer dosage of N,P2O5 and K2O should be 102.0 kg/hm^(2).The the planting density of mechanical sowing mode should be 210000 holes/hm^(2),one seed per hole,seed coating,ridging and the base fertilizer dosage of N,P2O5 and K2O should be 102.0 kg/hm^(2).
作者
雷亚柯
张建航
展世杰
邓陈威
王伟杰
张俊
杨亚洲
马振威
贾朝阳
LEI Yake;ZHANG Jianhang;ZHAN Shijie;DENG Chenwei;WANG Weijie;ZHANG Jun;YANG Yazhou;MA Zhenwei;JIA Chaoyang(Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhoukou,Henan 466001;Institute of Economic Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2024年第3期15-24,共10页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省科技研发联合基金项目(225101610063)
周口市科研平台奖补资金项目(202211080406)。
关键词
花生
农艺性状
生理特性
春种
栽培模式
豫东地区
peanut
agronomic traits
physiological characteristics
spring sowing
cultivation modes
eastern Henan region
