摘要
动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周的研究.结果表明,空气和粪便样本中16S r RNA含量范围分别在6.08×10^(5)~4.90×10^(6)copies·m^(-3)和4.27×10^(8)~1.15×10^(10)copies·g^(-1)之间.空气中细菌浓度的平均值在冬季显著高于夏季,而生物多样性则呈现相反趋势.蛋鸡场空气与粪便中的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在所调查时间内,空气中前3个优势菌属的种类较为稳定,依次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium),而粪便中优势菌属则随养殖时间的增加波动较大.空气和动物粪便中细菌和致病菌群落结构的相关性均不显著,但不同介质中两种目标微生物的含量均显著相关.粪便中细菌的气溶胶化指数随养殖时间的增加而呈上升趋势,而致病菌趋势相反.其中,瘤胃菌科torques属([Ruminococcus]_torques_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)为最易发生气溶胶化的前3个致病菌属.养鸡场工人的细菌呼吸暴露具有季节性差异,其中细菌和致病菌摄入量的平均值分别为2.54×10^(7)copies·d^(-1)和2.87×10^(5)copies·d^(-1).研究结果将为系统评估养殖场空气微生物的污染特征和潜在健康风险,对以及制定相应的职业暴露行业标准和防控措施提供科学依据.
Animal farms are important sources of microbial contamination in the air environment.However,there are few reports on the time-regularity characteristics of airborne microbial contamination in farms.In the context of this situation,a study was conducted for more than 80 weeks using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacterial distribution and respiratory exposure in the farm air and fecal environment,respectively,taking a layer farm as an example.The results showed that 16S rRNA concentrations in air and manure samples ranged from 6.08×10^(5)-4.90×10^(6) copies·m^(−3) and 4.27×10^(8)-1.15×10^(10) copies·g^(−1),respectively.The mean values of airborne bacterial concentrations were significantly higher in winter than in summer,whereas the biodiversity showed the opposite trend.The dominant bacterial phylum in both air and manure in the layer farm was Firmicutes.During the investigated time,the top three dominant genera in the air were relatively stable,in the order of Lactobacillus,Bacteroides,and Faecalibacterium,whereas the dominant genera in feces fluctuated with the increase in breeding time.The correlation between the community structure of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in both air and manure was not significant,but the concentrations of both target microorganisms in different media were significantly correlated.The bioaerosolization index of bacteria in manure showed an increasing trend with increasing breeding time,whereas the opposite trend was observed for pathogenic bacteria.In this case,[Ruminococcus]_torques_group,Bacteroides,and Faecalibacterium were the top three pathogenic genera that were the most prone to aerosolization.There were seasonal differences in bacterial respiratory exposures of chicken farm workers,with mean intake values of 2.54×10^(7) copies·d^(−1) and 2.87×10^(5) copies·d^(−1) for bacteria and pathogenic bacteria,respectively.The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for systematically assessing the contamination characteristics and potential health risks of airborne microorganisms on farms and for developing corresponding industry standards for occupational exposure and prevention and control measures.
作者
白渔樵
孙兴滨
仇天雷
郭雅杰
高敏
王旭明
BAI Yu-qiao;SUN Xing-bin;QIU Tian-lei;GUO Ya-jie;GAO Min;WANG Xu-ming(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期1840-1848,共9页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41961134033,51308047)
家禽产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(BJJQ-G08)。
关键词
养殖场
细菌气溶胶
致病菌属
时间规律
呼吸暴露
animal farm
bacterial aerosol
pathogenic bacteria genus
time-regularity
respiratory exposure
