摘要
科技创新后备人才培养是推动国家自主创新与社会进步的源头活水,而科学高阶思维成为素养时代科技创新后备人才的根本特质。随着科技创新“普育化”特征的演进,科学课堂教学也亟待升级固有的人才选育范式以有效鉴别潜能群体,因此对人才早期成长规律和教学机制的循证研究尤为关键。本文基于脑电实验的个案叙事研究方法,以初中物理课堂情境中科学高阶思维的认知神经机制研究为场景,聚焦两位典型学生的课堂干预过程和成长经历的局部事件,对比其在识记技巧与科学思维的认知差异、题海战术与类比迁移的表现差异,以及对学习既得收益与长效价值的行为差异。继而通过深度访谈探求学业成就与科学高阶思维矛盾背后的深层动因,发现存在“外在约束”与“内在规训”的认知悖论、“成绩焦虑”与“顺其自然”的表现矛盾、“资源匮乏”与“梦想缺失”的现实阻遏。基于此,反思并提出科技创新后备人才培养的路径优化:构建科技创新后备人才培养的贯通机制,推进基础和拔尖人才培养模式融合创新;改进人才评价标准与方式,丰富科技创新人才特质的多维表现;创设科学实践的跨学科学习环境,循证采用科学高阶思维教学;协同多方主体联合参与,打造系统连续的科学课程育人路径。
The cultivation of reserve talents for scientific and technological innovation is the source of promoting national independent innovation and social progress,and scientific high-order thinking has become the fundamental characteristic of them in the era of literacy.With the evolution of the"popularization"characteristics of technological innovation,it is urgent to upgrade the inherent talent selection paradigm in science classroom teaching to effectively identify potential groups.Therefore,evidence-based research on the early growth laws and teaching mechanisms of talents is particularly crucial.This article used a case narrative research method based on EEG experi-ments to study the cognitive neural mechanisms of scientific higher-order thinking in middle school physics classroom settings.It focused on the classroom intervention process and local events of growth experiences of two typical students,and compared their cognitive differences in memorization skills and scientific thinking,performance differences in problem solving strategies and analogical transfer,as well as be-havioral differences in learning gains and long-term value.Subsequently,through in-depth interviews,we explored the underlying rea-sons behind the contradiction between academic achievement and higher-order scientific thinking,and found that there is a cognitive para-dox of"extemal constraints"and"internal discipline",a contradiction between"performance anxiety"and"leting nature take its course",and a reality deterent of"resource scarcity"and"dream loss".Based on this,the optimization of the path for cultivating reserve talents in scientific and technological innovation is reflected and proposed:we need to construct a linkage mechanism for cultivating reserve talents in scientific and technological innovation,and to promote the integration and innovation of basic and top-notch talent cultivation models;we need to improve the standards and methods of talent evaluation,enriching the multidimensional expression of the characteristics of technological innovation talents;we need to create an interdisciplinary leaning environment for scientific practice,and adopt evidence-based teaching with advanced scientific thinking;we need to collaborate with multiple parties to jointly participate and create a systematic and continuous path for scientific curriculum education.
作者
王晶莹
周丹华
张栩凡
王文静
朱艳梅
尹迪
张静波
WANG Jingying;ZHOU Danhua;ZHANG Xufan;WANG Wenjing;ZHU Yanmei;YIN Di;ZHANG Jingbo(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Changjiang University,Jingzhou Hubei 434023;NanJing XiaoZhuang University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211171;Guanzhuang Branch of Beijing No.80 Middle School,Beijing 100024)
出处
《现代远距离教育》
CSSCI
2023年第5期24-32,共9页
Modern Distance Education
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“学习环境对中学生全球素养的影响机制与循证决策研究:基于机器学习的关联规则挖掘”(编号:72074031)。
关键词
科技创新后备人才
拔尖人才
早期培养
科学高阶思维
脑电实验
个案叙事研究
Technological innovation reserve talents
Top talents
Cultivation in the early stages
Scientific higher-order thinking
EEG experiment
Case based on narrative research
