摘要
参与自杀的刑法定性问题实际上是自杀和参与自杀的正犯性问题。人是自己生命的唯一法益主体,享有生命的完全处分权,自杀不具有正犯性。将共同犯罪的理论模型直接套用到参与自杀中的做法并不妥当。在认定正犯性时,不能仅因为参与自杀不符合一般的杀人行为类型就否定其正犯性。自杀是通过不可逆转的方式处分个人最重要的法益,且自杀者通常处于病理或者心理的脆弱状态。这决定了刑法应当禁止实质性地推进他人自杀的行为。若行为人具有实质影响被害人自杀决定的身份,且实施了实质影响被害人自杀决定的行为,则成立故意杀人罪的正犯。罪刑法定原则要求法无明文规定不得定罪处罚,并不意味着只有符合某一观念类型的行为才能定罪处罚。承认部分参与自杀的正犯性具有合理性,而且不违背罪刑法定原则。
The issue of complicity in another's suicide in criminal law is actually the problem of whether suicide or accomplice in suicide could be treated as principal offence in suicide cases.A person is the only legal interest subject of his or her own life,and enjoys the complete right of disposal of life.It is not appropriate to directly apply the theoretical model of joint crime to suicide.When identifying the principal,we should open up our horizons,and not deny the principal status only because the actor complicity in suicide does not match the general category of murder.Suicide is the disposal of the most important legal interest in an irreversible way,and the person who commits suicide is usually in a state of pathological or psychological vulnerability.This means that the criminal law should prohibit others from interfering in suicide.If the perpetrator has the identity that substantially affects the victim's decision to commit suicide,and implemented the act that substantially affects the victim's decision to commit suicide,then he or she shall be convicted as the principal of murder.The principle of legality requires that no conviction or punishment shall be imposed without an explicit provision of the law,without requiring that only acts that conform to a certain conceptual type can be convicted and punished.It is not only reasonable to treat accomplice in suicide as principal,but also is not in violation of the principle of legality.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期1561-1580,共20页
Peking University Law Journal
关键词
罪刑法定原则
参与自杀
自我决定
正犯性
Principle of Legality
Complicity in Suicide
Self-Determination
Principal Offence
