摘要
【目的】探究间作中草药对核桃林土壤生物化学性状的影响,为喀斯特地区生态恢复和核桃林林下经济可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】以广西喀斯特地区初果期核桃+十大功劳(CT)、盛果期核桃+十大功劳(ST)、初果期核桃单作(CD)、盛果期核桃单作(SD)等4种模式为研究对象,基于样地调查及采样,分析不同林龄核桃林药间作模式下土壤理化性质、土壤微生物数量和微生物生物量及土壤酶活性的变化特征及其相关性。【结果】CT模式土壤的全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和有机碳含量比CD模式分别显著降低43.36%、40.00%、32.30%、67.49%和43.72%(P<0.05,下同),ST模式比SD模式分别显著降低28.31%、46.26%、17.94%、53.56%和28.02%,初果期间作的各类土壤养分含量降幅大于盛果期;不论是间作还是单作,盛果期核桃土壤养分含量均显著高于初果期;SD模式的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量(分别为12.36×10^(6)、5.23×10^(4)和10.87×10^(6) CFU/g)和微生物量碳含量(225.87 mg/kg)均显著高于CD和CT模式;盛果期和初果期核桃间作十大功劳比同期单作模式显著提高土壤脲酶活性17.32%和40.13%,对土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),但ST模式的土壤蔗糖酶活性高于CT模式。相关分析结果表明,土壤细菌数量与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效氮含量呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性均与全氮、速效氮和有机碳含量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,土壤养分含量是核桃林土壤性状的主要影响因子,微生物在促进土壤肥力提高方面发挥着重要作用。【结论】在喀斯特地区,核桃林间作十大功劳模式对土壤生物化学性状有较大影响,尤其初果期间作使核桃林土壤养分显著下降。因此,核桃林下间作十大功劳(尤其是初果期)时,需要注重氮肥和磷肥的添加,从而保障核桃的营养供给,促进核桃林可持续发展。
【Objective】The effects of forest medicine intercropping on soil biochemical properties of walnut forest were analyzed to provide an important theoretical basis for ecological restoration in karst area and sustainable economic development under walnut forest.【Method】Four planting modes,walnut intercropping with Mahonia fortunei at initial fruit stage(CT),walnut intercropping with M.fortunei at full fruit stage(ST),walnut monoculture at initial fruit stage(CD),walnut monoculture at full fruit stage(SD)in karst area of Guangxi were used as the research object.Based on sample plot investigation and sampling,the change characteristics and correlation of soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial quantity,microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity under the intercropping mode of walnut at different forest ages were analyzed.【Result】In CT,contents of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic carbon contents significantly reduced by 43.36%,40.00%,32.30%,67.49%and 43.72%(P<0.05,the same as below),compared with SD mode,ST mode significantly decreased by 28.31%,46.26%,17.94%,53.56%and 28.02%,respectively.The decrease of various soil nutrient contents at initial fruit period was greater than that at full fruit period.The soil nutrient content of walnut at full fruiting stage was significantly higher than that at initial fruiting stage,regardless of intercropping or single cropping.The quantity of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes(12.36×10^(6),5.23×10^(4) and 10.87×10^(6) CFU/g,respectively)and microbial biomass carbon content(225.87 mg/kg)in SD mode were significantly higher than those in CD and CT modes.Compared with single cropping mode at full fruiting stage and initial fruit⁃ing stage,the activities of urease in soil were significantly increased by 17.32%and 40.13%,and the activities of sucrase,phosphatase and catalase in soil were not significantly affected(P>0.05).However,the activities of sucrase in soil in ST mode were higher than those in CT mode.Correlation analysis showed that the number of soil bacteria was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available nitrogen(P<0.01,the same as below).Both soil invertase and phosphatase activity were extremely significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and organic carbon con⁃tent.The results of principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients content were the main influencing factors of walnut forest soil,and microorganisms played an important role in promoting soil fertility.【Conclusion】In the karst area,the intercropping mode of M.fortunei in walnut forest has a greater impact on the soil biochemical properties,especially during the initial fruit stage,the soil nutrients in the walnut forest are significantly reduced.So when walnut intercropping with M.fortunei(especially at the initial fruit stage),nitrogen and phosphor⁃us fertilizers should be applied to ensure the nutrition supply of walnut and promote the sustainable development of walnut forest.
作者
俞月凤
韦建华
曾成城
李琴
苏利荣
秦芳
何铁光
YU Yue-feng;WEI Jian-hua;ZENG Cheng-cheng;LI Qin;SU Li-rong;QIN Fang;HE Tie-guang(Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;For-estry College of Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1898-1905,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297092,2023GXNSFBA026336)
广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2023YM68)。
关键词
核桃林
间作
中草药
土壤性状
喀斯特地区
Walnut forest
Intercropping
Chinese herbal medicine
Soil properties
Karst area
