摘要
[目的]本试验旨在测定秋季不同牛舍(开放牛舍和恒温牛舍)环境参数,探究牛舍类型对荷斯坦牛各项指标(生理指标、泌乳性能和血液生化指标等)的影响。[方法]每天距离地面1.5 m处测定奶牛所在牛舍区域的温度、相对湿度(RH)、风速和CO_(2)、NH_(3)、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度,同时测定舍外温度和RH,并计算温湿指数(THI),连续测定7 d。试验期间,记录奶牛生理指标、反刍行为、泌乳性能和奶牛舒适度数据,并在第7天下午挤奶后于尾静脉采集血液,制作血清用试剂盒测定血清生化指标。[结果]开放牛舍和恒温牛舍之间的温度、RH、THI和CO_(2)浓度无显著差异(P>0.05),恒温牛舍风速极显著高于开放牛舍(P<0.01),恒温牛舍有害气体和悬浮颗粒物含量在13:00最低。与开放牛舍奶牛相比,恒温牛舍奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率极显著降低(P<0.01),产奶量增长速度更慢,乳中体细胞数则极显著增加(P<0.01)。此外,恒温牛舍的奶牛舒适度更高。在血清免疫指标上,恒温牛舍奶牛肿瘤坏死因子α和免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于(P<0.01)开放牛舍,白介素6含量显著高于开放牛舍(P<0.05)。[结论]基于测定的环境参数、奶牛生理指标和舒适度,恒温牛舍能够在秋季为奶牛提供较适宜环境,但试验牛产奶量增长速度较开放牛舍慢,乳中体细胞数高,机体炎症反应较强,需要注重奶牛产后护理和疾病诊治,并加强牛舍消毒。
[Objectives]This experiment was conducted to determine environmental parameters of different cowsheds[open cowshed and low profile cross ventilated(LPCV)cowshed]in autumn,and study the effects of type of cowsheds on various indexes(physiological indexes,lactation performance and blood biochemical indexes,etc.)of Holstein cows.[Methods]The temperature,relative humidity(RH),wind speed,and concentrations of CO_(2),NH_(3),PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in the pen where the chosen dairy cows lived were measured at 1.5 m high from the ground every day.At the same time,the temperature and RH outside the cowsheds were measured,and the temperature-humidity index(THI)was calculated.Each cowshed was tested continuously for 7 days.During the experiment,physiological indexes,rumination behavior,lactation performance and comfortability of cows were recorded,and blood was collected from the coccygeal vein on day 7 to obtain serum for measuring biochemical indexes.[Results]There were no significant differences in temperature,RH,THI,and CO_(2)between two cowsheds(P>0.05),and the wind speed of the LPCV cowshed was significantly higher than that of the open cowshed(P<0.01).The concentrations of noxious gas and suspended particulate matter were the lowest at 13:00 in the LPCV cowshed.Compared with dairy cows in the open cowshed,the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of cows in the LPCV cowshed significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the increase rate of milk yield was slower and milk somatic cell count significantly increased(P<0.01).Besides,the comfortability of cows in the LPCV cowshed was higher than that in the open cowshed.In terms of serum immune indexes,the contents of TNF-α,IgG and IL-6 of dairy cows in LPCV cowshed were significantly higher than those in the open cowshed(P<0.01 or P<0.05).[Conclusions]Based on the measured environmental parameters,physiological indexes and the comfortability of cows,the LPCV cowshed could provide a more suitable environment for cows in autumn.However,the increase rate of milk yield,milk somatic cell count and the body inflammation of dairy cows in the LPCV cowshed were slower,higher and stronger than those in the open cowshed,respectively.Therefore,it was necessary to pay attention to postpartum nursing,disease diagnosis and treatment,and strengthen the disinfection in the cowshed.
作者
夏海斌
王健
翟云飞
徐洁
曾涵芳
韩兆玉
XIA Haibin;WANG Jian;ZHAI Yunfei;XU Jie;ZENG Hanfang;HAN Zhaoyu(Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Yili State Institute of Animal Science,Yining 835000,China)
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1134-1141,共8页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
江苏省现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系项目(JATS[2021]468)。
关键词
牛舍类型
环境参数
生理指标
泌乳性能
cowshed type
environmental parameter
physiological index
lactation performance
