摘要
《民法典》第一千二百三十二条在生态环境侵权领域引入惩罚性赔偿制度,但是其适用范围仍有争议。随后出台的《最高人民法院关于审理生态环境侵权纠纷案件适用惩罚性赔偿的解释》明确了惩罚性赔偿的适用范围,可有关惩罚性赔偿数额如何量定并未给予清晰的指引。惩罚性赔偿数额的量定是关乎环境民事公益诉讼和惩罚性赔偿制度功能实现的重要环节,其中基数和倍数作为惩罚性赔偿数额的构成要素尤为重要。依循惩罚性赔偿的制度功能对环境民事公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿数额的基数与倍数认定规则的现实困境进行剖析,针对现有规则认定中基础概念不清、估算方法不明、司法审查不足的问题,建议从外部对惩罚性赔偿数额进行限制,合理平衡惩罚性赔偿的数额,以提升司法公信力。
Article 1232 of the Civil Code introduces a punitive damages system in the field of ecological and environmental infringement,but its scope of application is still controversial.The subsequent Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of Punitive Damages in the Trial of Cases Involving Ecological and Environmental Infringement Disputes clarified the scope of application of punitive damages,but did not give clear instructions on the amount of punitive damages.The determination of the amount of punitive damages is an important link related to the realization of the functions of environmental civil public interest litigation and the punitive damages system,and the base and multiple are extremely important as the constituent elements of the amount of punitive damages.In accordance with the institutional function of punitive damages,in response to the issues of unclear basic concepts,unclear estimation methods,and insufficient judicial review in the existing rules,it is recommended to limit the amount of punitive damages from external sources,balance the amount of punitive damages reasonably,and enhance judicial credibility.
作者
杨若凡
YANG Ruo-fan(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》
2023年第5期95-100,154,共7页
Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering
关键词
环境民事公益诉讼
惩罚性赔偿
环境侵权
Environmental civil public interest litigation
Punitive damages
Environmental Infringement
