摘要
为探究通勤者短距离下不同交通出行方式的空气污染物暴露水平差异,利用便携式个体空气暴露监测仪在北京某固定路线对公交车、地铁、自行车3种绿色出行方式以及非绿色出行方式小轿车的NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)5种空气污染物进行暴露监测.结果表明,不同出行方式的空气污染物暴露水平存在显著差异,地铁对NO_(2)的暴露浓度最高(46.46μg/m^(3)),公交车对CO的暴露浓度(1334.99μg/m^(3))略高于其他3种方式,骑行对O_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM10的暴露浓度最高,平均分别为28.83μg/m^(3)、16.12μg/m^(3)和18.66μg/m^(3).在考虑旅行时间和吸入率后,自行车的空气污染物暴露剂量均最高,其次是公交车、地铁和小轿车;环境浓度对不同出行方式的个体暴露水平具有显著影响,当环境NO_(2)、CO浓度较低(NO_(2)≤18μg/m^(3),CO≤300μg/m^(3))而O_(3)浓度较高时(O_(3)>65μg/m^(3))时,地铁出行对此3种污染物的个体暴露浓度均低于其他方式;当环境NO_(2)、CO浓度较高(NO_(2)>18μg/m^(3),CO>500μg/m^(3))而O_(3)浓度较低时,小轿车出行对此3种污染物的暴露浓度较低;当环境中颗粒物浓度较低时(PM_(2.5)≤20μg/m^(3),PM_(10)≤30μg/m^(3)),地铁和公交车出行对颗粒物的暴露浓度均较低.通勤者应根据空气污染状况与自身实际情况合理选择出行方式.
To investigate the differences in air pollutant exposure levels of commuters under different travel modes and to provide a scientific basis for health protection from air pollutant exposure during short-distance travel,portable individual air exposure monitors were used to monitor the exposure of five air pollutants(NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10))at a fixed route in Beijing on four travel modes:bus,subway,bicycle and car.The key findings are:(1)At the same ambient air pollution level,the exposure levels of air pollutants among different travel modes were significantly different.Travel by subway had the highest exposure level of NO_(2)(46.46μg/m^(3)).Exposure level of CO(1334.99μg/m^(3))when travel by bus was slightly higher than those using the other three travel modes.Cycling has the highest exposure level of O_(3)(28.83μg/m^(3)),PM_(2.5)(21.98μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(25.57μg/m^(3)).(2)Considering travel time and inhalation rate,travel by bicycle has the highest exposure doses of NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),followed by bus,subway and car.(3)Ambient pollutants’concentrations strongly affect individual exposure levels for different travel modes.When the ambient NO_(2)and CO concentrations are low(NO_(2)≤18μg/m^(3),CO≤300μg/m^(3))and O_(3)concentrations are high(O_(3)>65μg/m^(3)),the individual exposure concentrations of the three pollutants are lower for subway travel than for other modes.In contrast,when the ambient NO_(2)and CO concentrations are high(NO_(2)>18μg/m^(3),CO>500μg/m^(3))and O_(3)concentrations are low,individual exposure concentrations of the three pollutants are lower for car travel.When ambient concentrations of particulate matter are low(PM_(2.5)≤20μg/m^(3),PM_(10)≤30μg/m^(3)),exposure levels for subway and bus are relatively lower.When choosing their travel modes,commuters should consider both the ambient air pollution levels and their travel needs.We suggest choosing public transportation mode instead of private cars for short-distance travel need when ambient air quality is great for health benefit.
作者
耿一硕
李赛
武鹏鹏
齐玲
曹素珍
段小丽
GENG Yi-shuo;LI Sai;WU Peng-peng;QI Ling;CAO Su-zhen;DUAN Xiao-li(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期4951-4960,共10页
China Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发专项(2022YFC3702604)。
关键词
个体空气污染物暴露
出行方式
交通微环境
北京市
personal air pollutants exposure
travel modes
traffic micro-environment
Beijing
