摘要
获取精确的面降水量是祁连山生态屏障建设以及河西及青海湖水系等水资源估算及合理利用的重要依据,但由于山地地形复杂、高山区监测稀缺等问题,目前相关结果之间差异较大且精度有待证实。为此,在祁连山中、高山区架设了23套T-200BM3、6套TRwS204称重式雨雪量计,两个降水观测误差对比观测场(海拔2980 m和4651 m)、1个不同类型雨量筒对比观测场(海拔2980 m)及其配套观测设施,并结合祁连山及其周边27个国家气象站的中国标准雨量筒和GPM降水数据,估算了祁连山2019年、2020年面降水量。结果表明:各类雨量筒观测误差校正值比实测值平均增加约10%,在高山区降雪观测偏少约30%、总降水量偏少接近20%。世界气象组织推荐的TRwS204雨雪量计可监测“真实”降水量,而T-200BM3在祁连山区无效数据多,且剔除无效数据后其观测值仍偏高约12%。祁连山年降水量总体随海拔升高而增加,但在不同剖面上可能存在微弱的最大降水高度。补充高山区实测数据后,祁连山2019年、2020年降水量分别为565.2 mm和446.3 mm,均比仅利用国家气象站数据增加了约70%。GPM与高山区降水数据融合结果与地面空间插值结果差异较小,可获取祁连山高精度面降水量。祁连山西南高山区缺乏监测以及T-200BM3雨雪量计精度问题仍然是目前祁连山精确面降水量估算中的主要不确定性来源。
Accuracy areal precipitation is one of the key factors influencing the ecological barrier construction and water balance estimation in the Qilian Mountains,but the large difference was found among the current results due to rare measurements especially in the alpine regions.Therefore,total 23 T-200BM3 and 6 TRwS204 weighted rain and snow gauges were installed in the middle-high regions in the Qilian Mountains,together with two precipitation intercomparson fields with elevation of 2980 and 4651 m.Based on these measurements and precipitation data measured by the Chinese Standard Precipitation Gauge(CSPG)at 27 stations in or near the Qilian Mountains,the areal precipitation in 2019 and 2020 was estimated after observation error correction and different gauge types unification.The results show that:1)the averaged observation error is close to 10% at all stations,especially in the alpine regions where the snowfall and precipitation error is about 30% and 20%,respectively;2)the TRwS204 gauge could observe the“true”precipitation while the T-200BM3 gauge measurement is 12% higher even after disturbance elimination;3)the annual precipitation increase with elevation in the Qilian Mountains but there may exist one or more indistinctive maximum precipitation elevation in some profiles;4)the estimated areal precipitation is about 565.2 mm and 446.3 mm in 2019 and 2020,both which is 70% higher than the result that only uses the CSPG data at national meteorological stations,that is,the latter is about 59% of the former which is also close to the downscaling GPM data by using the alpine measurements.Although the result has high accuracy at present,it still has some uncertainties due to rare observation in the southwest high regions in the Qilian Mountains,as well as the low measurement accuracy of T-200BM3 gauges in these regions.
作者
陈仁升
韩春坛
王磊
赵燕妮
宋耀选
阳勇
刘俊峰
刘章文
王希强
郭淑海
刘国华
李洪源
豆刚
杨志伟
王学良
刘易文
伍文通
CHEN Rensheng;HAN Chuntan;WANG Lei;ZHAO Yanni;Song Yaoxuan;YANG Yong;LIU Junfeng;LIU Zhangwen;WANG Xiqiang;GUO Shuhai;LIU Guohua;LI Hongyuan;DOU Gang;YANG Zhiwei;WANG Xueliang;LIU Yiwen;WU Wentong(Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421200,Hunan,China;Pingliang Hydrological Station of Gansu Province,Pingliang 744000,Gansu,China)
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期676-687,共12页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510500)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42101120,42171145)资助。
关键词
祁连山
高山区降水观测
降水观测误差
标准雨量筒
最大降水高度
面降水量
Qilian Mountains
precipitation measurements in alpine regions
observation errors of precipitation
standard precipitation gauge
maximum precipitation elevation
areal precipitation
