摘要
目的 探讨消防员作为亲历创伤情境的救助者,在创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)和替代创伤(vicarious traumatization,VT)方面的特点。方法 2020年11月—2021年2月,使用自编一般人口学资料调查表、创伤后应激障碍筛查量表第五版(PTSD checklist for DSM-5,PCL-5)应激感受量表、救助者VT问卷作为工具,采用方便抽样的方式对上海市2 084名消防员进行调查,并应用单因素方差分析、相关分析和Johnson Neyman法等方法对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果 消防救援人员的PCL-5平均得分为(27.54±9.16)分,VT问卷平均得分为(65.17±26.00)分;一线消防员的应激感受得分[(21.77±7.93)分]高于非一线消防救援人员[(19.38±8.16)分](P<0.01)。1 806名一线消防员的应激感受总分与PCL-5总分及4组症状间均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。调节效应检验发现创伤记忆在应激与PTSD症状之间起调节作用,在创伤记忆的情况下应激感受会引起更高的PTSD症状。结论 上海各支队消防员的PTSD症状和VT的情况都较明显,管理层及消防救援人员在参与救援工作中,应该提升对自身心理创伤和应激状态的关注,对心理健康给予更多的重视。
Objective To explore the characteristics of firefighters in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and vicarious trauma(VT)as rescuers who experience traumatic situations.Methods From November 2020 to February 2021,using the convenience sampling,a survey was conducted on 2084 firefighters in Shanghai by the self-compiled general demographic data questionnaire,stress perception scale and rescuer substitute trauma questionnaire,and the results of the survey were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,correlation analysis and Johnson Neyman method.Results The average score of the PCL-5 scale for fire rescue personnel was(27.54±9.16)points,and the average score of the VT questionnaire was(65.17±26.00)points.The stress perception score[(21.77±7.93)points]offront-line firefighters was significantly higher than that of non-front-line fire rescue workers[(19.38±8.16)points](P<0.01).The total score ofstress perception of 1806 front-line firefighters was significantly positively correlated with the total score of PCL-5 scale and the symptoms of the four groups(all P<0.01).The moderating effect test found that traumatic memory played a moderating role between stress and PTSD symptoms,and stress feelings would lead to higher PTSD symptoms in the context of traumatic memory.Conclusion The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and the vicarious trauma among firefighters in each detachment in Shanghai are more obvious,the management and fire rescue personnel should increase their awareness of their own psychological trauma and stress when participating in rescue work,and pay more attention to mental health.
作者
周娜
李玲
崔轶
唐宇
马海鹰
刘伟志
ZHOU Na;LI Ling;CUI Yi;TANG Yu;MA Hai-ying;LIU Wei-zhi(Mental Health Education and Counseling Center,Naval Military Medical University,Shanghai,200433,China;Department of Basic Psychology,Naval Military Medical University,Shanghai,200433,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2023年第10期1297-1301,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
上海市卫健委临床科研课题(201940093)。
关键词
消防员
创伤后应激障碍
替代创伤
应激感受
Firefighter
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Vicarious trauma
Stress feelings
