摘要
国际法院是界定和解释国际法的权威机构,其咨询意见对民族自决原则的发展产生了积极影响。但面对民族自决原则与国家主权原则的潜在冲突,相关咨询意见的法律解释显示出不确定性,在一定程度上影响了国家主权的实践,这种不确定性是咨询意见中法律与政治逻辑的外在体现。国际法院咨询意见在原则上不具有法律拘束力,但它的司法属性与法律权威性不仅在事实上影响了国家行为,也进一步促进了国际法的发展,从而显示出一定的司法造法性。然而,在特定情形下,大国政治通过影响咨询请求的提出、国际法官的构成、法院咨询管辖权的行使等侵蚀了国际司法公正,使得咨询意见的司法属性发生消极的政治异化。作为和平发展的大国,中国应正确认识国际法院咨询意见的软法化及其对国际法发展的重要意义,充分利用国际法院咨询程序进一步推动国际法治和维护自身合法权益。
The International Court of Justice is an authoritative institution to identify and interpret international law.Its advisory opinions have a positive impact on the development of the principle of self-determination of peoples.However,when dealing with the potential conflict between the principle of self-determi-nation of peoples and the principle of national sovereignty,the legal interpretation of the advisory opinion reflects uncertainty,which to some extent further affects the practice of national sovereignty.This uncertainty is a manifestation of the inherent legal and political logic in the advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice.The advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice are not legally binding in principle,but in fact their judicial attributes and legal authority not only affect the state practices,but also further promote the development of international law,thus showing a certain degree of judicial legislating nature.However,under certain circumstances,the politics of great powers erode the international judicial justice by manipulating the request for advisory opinions,the composition of international judges and the exercise of the court's advisory jurisdic-tion,causing the advisory opinions system to alienate negatively.This is reflected in the cases involving self-determination and national sovereignty.As a peaceful developing g country,China should correctly understand the soft law nature of the advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice and their significance to the development of international law,and make full use of the advisory procedure of the International Court of Justice to further promote the international rule of law and protect our own legitimate rights and interests.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2023年第2期120-137,共18页
Wuhan University International Law Review
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“坚持统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治研究”(2022JZDZ005)
中南财经政法大学科研创新平台能力建设项目“全球治理框架下的国家安全研究”(2722022FJ028)的阶段性成果。
关键词
国际法院
咨询意见
民族自决
司法造法
大国政治
International Court of Justice
advisory opinion
self-determination of peoples
judicial lawmaking
balanced politics among great powers
