摘要
在高质量发展中实现共同富裕应重视初次收入分配的效率与公平,而中国收入分配不平等现象依然存在。《反垄断法》作为竞争政策顶层设计的制度安排,将推动“有为政府”与“有效市场”更好结合,并对企业初次收入分配产生重要影响。本文构建理论模型,刻画竞争政策通过要素市场与产品市场影响劳动收入份额的内在机理,并利用《反垄断法》实施这一准自然实验,实证检验了竞争环境改善对企业劳动收入份额的影响。结果发现,《反垄断法》实施显著提升了高垄断企业的劳动收入份额,并且随着反垄断执法强度加大,其对高垄断企业劳动收入份额的提升作用愈加明显。机制分析表明,《反垄断法》实施对收入分配的影响主要通过要素市场上的要素组成效应与产品市场上的成本加成效应等途径来实现。进一步研究发现,《反垄断法》实施在提升资源配置效率、促进高质量发展的同时,提升了普通员工收入份额、缩小了企业内部收入差距,兼顾了共同富裕。本文研究丰富了《反垄断法》实施的政策效果评估相关文献,为国家达成高质量发展中实现共同富裕的战略目标提供政策启示。
Common prosperity is the ultimate goal of socialism,which is determined by thefundamental system and is an essential requirement for achieving the purpose of socialist production anddemonstrating the superiority of the socialist system.Achieving common prosperity,an important aspecto f improving people’s lives,helps alleviate the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequatedevelopment and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.Therefore,promoting commonp rosperity in high-quality development can only be achieved by deepening the reform of the incomedistribution system,especially striking a balance between efficiency and equity in the market-basedprimary distribution.This study develops an imperfect competition model to describe how competition policies affect laborincome share by altering the input of production factors and monopoly pricing power of enterprises.Wethen use the implementation of the China’s Anti-Monopoly Law(AML)as a policy shock and performempirical estimation using the data of China’s A-share listed companies.The empirical results show thatthe AML significantly increases the labor income share of high-monopoly enterprises,and this effectbecomes more apparent with the intensification of AML enforcement.The mechanism analysis shows thatthe AML mainly affects labor income share by creating a more equitable environment in the factor marketand the product market.The further analysis shows that the AML not only improves the efficiency ofr esource allocation and promotes high-quality development,but also significantly narrows the income gapwithin enterprises and promotes common prosperity.T his study has the following policy implications.Firstly,to achieve the strategic goal of commonprosperity,it is imperative to focus on the legislation and revision of competition policies such as theAML.It is necessary to further refine relevant provisions and rules of each chapter of the AML to empowerthe judicial and law enforcement agencies to enforce the law effectively.Secondly,the government shouldprioritize the regulatory function of competition policies on the factor market,and be mindful of theb oundaries when revising laws.This is essential to avoid conflicts with other governmental interventionmeans in the factor market.Thirdly,while the institutional effectiveness of competition policies should bea major focus when promoting efficiency and maintaining fairness,it is also important to adjust the scopeof legal control flexibly.This means not only curbing improper competition of monopoly enterprises,butalso providing convenience for large enterprises to leverage their advantages in scale and participate ininternational market competition.Potential contributions of this paper are as follows.Firstly,examining the causal relationshipb etween competition policies and labor income share from the perspective of income distribution effect,this study provides effective policy instruments to the government to conduct primary distributiongovernance using market instruments.Secondly,using a policy shock to capture the exogenous changes ofm arket competition environment,this study better identifies the impact of the improvement of marketcompetition environment on income distribution decisions of enterprises.This study also carries outempirical tests on the underlying mechanism,therefore providing insights into the impact path of marketcompetition changes brought about by the AML on the labor income share of enterprises.Thirdly,thisstudy analyzes the competition policy from both the factor market and the product market,and provides acomprehensive analytical framework on the effect of the AML.Fourthly,this study further investigates thee ffect of competition policies on high-quality development of enterprises and common prosperity,andprovides strong policy insights to the government in achieving common prosperity in high-qualityd evelopment.
作者
肖土盛
董启琛
张明昂
许江波
XIAO Tu-sheng;DONG Qi-chen;ZHANG Ming-ang;XU Jiang-bo(School of Accountancy,Central University of Finance and Economics;China’s Management Accounting Research and Development Center,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Accountancy,Beijing Wuzi University;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Accountancy,Capital University of Economics and Business)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期117-135,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“企业数字化转型的赋能机制与赋能效果研究:基于人力资本结构调整视角”(批准号72272167)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“竞争政策与微观企业行为——基于《反垄断法》实施的准自然实验”(批准号71972194)。
关键词
竞争政策
劳动收入份额
收入分配
反垄断
共同富裕
competition policy
labor income share
income distribution
anti-monopoly
common prosperity
