摘要
在“数字中国”和“就业优先”战略背景下,数字经济释放就业效能被社会寄予诸多厚望,但其在理论文献上缺乏直接的经验证据。文章利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据和278个城市数据的匹配数据,采用腾讯研究院发布的“互联网+数字经济指数”对数字经济进行测度,考察了数字经济对农民工高质量就业的影响。研究发现,数字经济对农民工高质量就业具有显著的正向影响。为克服实证模型的内生性问题,文章选取历史数据作为工具变量,所得结果依然支持数字经济对农民工高质量就业的正向效应。基于广义倾向得分匹配法分析发现,数字经济尽管正向影响农民工高质量就业,但在影响效应上却呈现“先上升后下降”的“倒U型”,当数字经济为中等发展水平时,农民工高质量就业的边际效应达到最佳。这意味着今后以数字经济为抓手推动农民工高质量就业需遵从“适度”原则,需谨防过度数字化带来的“就业无效”和“就业低效”问题。进一步异质性分析发现,数字经济对“新生代”、“高技能”、从事制造业、交通运输业和居民服务业的农民工就业质量促进作用更明显。本研究为目前国家倡导“大力发展数字经济,促进就业提质扩面”提供了实证支撑,结论对推动农民工高质量就业具有重要政策启示。
The digital economy,with big data,the Internet and cloud computing,plays an important role not only in boosting investment,stimulating consumption and creating demand,but also in promoting economic“gear shifting”and speeding up,stabilising It also has a significant impact on employment and job creation.At the same time,along with the rapid development of the digital economy,the scale of employment of migrant workers in China has remained at a high level of growth year after year.Especially under the overlapping pressure of the epidemic impact and economic downturn,stabilising employment and empowering quality employment through the digital economy has become an important policy option for the Chinese government to prop up the employment panorama and boost economic growth.Using data from the 2017 China Mobility Monitoring Survey and matched data from 278 cities,the article examines the impact of the digital economy on the quality employment of migrant workers.The study found that the digital economy has a significant positive impact on the quality employment of migrant workers.In order to overcome the endogeneity problem of the empirical model,this paper selects historical data as the instrumental variable and the results still support the positive effect of the digital economy on the quality employment of migrant workers.Based on the generalised propensity score matching method,we find that although the digital economy positively affects the quality employment of migrant workers,the effect of the digital economy is in an inverted U-shape of“rising first and then falling”.When the digital economy is at a medium level of development,the marginal effect of quality employment for migrant workers is at its best.This means that the digital economy should be used as a tool to promote quality employment for migrant workers,and that the“ineffective”and“inefficient”employment caused by excessive digitalisation should be borne in mind.The problem of“ineffective”and“inefficient”employment brought about by excessive digitalisation.Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy has a more significant impact on the quality of employment of migrant workers who are“new generation”,“highly skilled”,engaged in manufacturing,transport and residential services.Result have important policy implications.The government needs to use the digital economy as a key gripand play the role of a positive ladder for the digital economy to facilitate high-quality employment for migrant workers.The core policy initiatives are to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure,especially the speed of digital infrastructure construction in rural areas,and to create a digital innovation and entrepreneurship environment;to continuously enrich the content of digital employment training for migrant workers,cultivate their independent digital skills learning awareness and learning capacity.At the same time,while promoting the digital economy to facilitate high-quality employment for migrant workers,the government should pay attention to the strong monopolistic and expansionary nature of the digital economy,adhere to the principle of the optimal moderation of the digital economy,and beware of ineffective and inefficient employment brought about by excessive digitalisation.
作者
林龙飞
祝仲坤
Lin Longfei;Zhu Zhongkun
出处
《南方经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期99-114,共16页
South China Journal of Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“数字鸿沟对农户福利不平等的影响机理与效应研究--基于Sen的可行能力理论”(71903062)
湖北省教育厅“湖北省保障性住房与新生代农民工城市融入研究”(21Q053)资助。
关键词
数字经济
农民工
高质量就业
Digital Economy
Migrant Workers
High Quality Employment
