摘要
以甘薯品系冀科紫18(JK274)、冀科紫19(JK142)、冀科薯20(JK7)和冀东地区主栽甘薯品种济薯25、腾飞、徐紫薯8号、普薯32为试验材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥施用方式[一次性底施(1)、1/2底施+1/2追施(1/2+1/2)、1/3底施+2/3追施(1/3+2/3)]和施用量(N:0、75.27、150.55、225.82 kg/hm^(2);P_(2)O_(5):0、39.27、78.55、117.82 kg/hm^(2);K_(2)O:0、85.09、170.18、255.27、340.36 kg/hm^(2))对7个甘薯品种(系)单株分枝数、单株最长蔓长、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、单株结薯数和产量的影响,筛选出甘薯较适宜的氮、磷、钾肥施用方式和施用量,为甘薯的高产高效栽培提供参考。结果表明,合适的氮、磷、钾肥施用方式和适宜的施用量能促进甘薯生长,提高产量,但不同甘薯品种(系)合适的氮、磷、钾肥施用方式和适宜的施用量有所不同。综合考虑,施氮方式表现为N_(1)>N_(1/2+1/2)>N_(1/3+2/3),施磷方式表现为P_(1/3+2/3)>P_(1/2+1/2)>P_(1),施钾方式表现为K_(1/2+1/2)>K_(1)>K_(1/3+2/3);适宜的氮肥施用量为75.27~157.37 kg/hm^(2),磷肥施用量为39.27~117.82 kg/hm^(2),钾肥施用量为170.18~294.12 kg/hm^(2),可见甘薯对氮、磷、钾肥的需求量表现为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥。在最佳的氮、磷、钾肥施用量条件下,7个甘薯品种(系)产量表现为普薯32>腾飞>济薯25>冀科紫19>冀科紫18>冀科薯20>徐紫薯8号。在上述适宜的氮、磷、钾施用量范围内,需根据甘薯品种(系)精准施用氮、磷、钾肥,最终达到高产的目的。
The primary sweet potato varieties Jishu 25,Tengfei,Xuzishu No.8 and Pushu 32 in eastern Hebei were utilized as materials,together with the sweet potato lines Jikezi 18(JK274),Jikezi 19(JK142),and Jikeshu 20(JK7).The effects of application methods of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers[one-time base application(1),1/2 base application and 1/2 topdressing(1/2+1/2),1/3 base application and 2/3 topdressing(1/3+2/3)]and application rates(N:0,75.27,150.55,225.82 kg/ha;P_(2)O_(5):0,39.27,78.55,117.82 kg/ha;K_(2)O:0,85.09,170.18,255.27,340.36 kg/ha)on the number of branches per plant,the longest vine length per plant,aboveground and underground fresh weight,number of potato per plant and yield of seven sweet potato varieties(lines)were studied,and the appropriate N,P and K fertilizers application methods and rates were selected,so as to provide reference for the cultivation of sweet potato with high yield and efficiency.The results showed that suitable application methods and appropriate application rates of N,P,K fertilizers could promote the growth of sweet potato,and increase yield.However,the best application methods and rates of N,P,K fertilizers varied among different sweet potato varieties(lines).By considering comprehensively,the N application method was N_(1)>N_(1/2+1/2)>N_(1/3+2/3),the P application method was P_(1/3+2/3)>P_(1/2+1/2)>P_(1),and the K application method was K_(1/2+1/2)>K_(1)>K_(1/3+2/3);the appropriate N application rate was 75.27—157.37 kg/ha,P application rate was 39.27—117.82 kg/ha,and K application rate was 170.18—294.12 kg/ha.The requirement order of sweet potato for N,P and K was K>N>P.The yield order of seven sweet potato varieties(lines)was Pushu 32>Tengfei>Jishu 25>Jikezi 19>Jikezi 18>Jikeshu 20>Xuzishu No.8 under the optimum application rates of N,P and K.To get high yield,N,P and K should be supplied precisely in the above acceptable application rate range according to the sweet potato varieties(lines).
作者
刘洋洋
宋佳乐
吉志新
张锴
乔亚科
靳恒星
刘云峰
司增志
LIU Yangyang;SONG Jiale;JI Zhixin;ZHANG Kai;QIAO Yake;JIN Hengxing;LIU Yunfeng;SI Zengzhi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066600,China;Hebei(Qinhuangdao)Sweet Potato Industrial Technology Research Institute,Qinhuangdao 066400,China;Hebei Zhongshu Agricultural Technology Group Co.Ltd.,Qinhuangdao 066400,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第11期21-34,共14页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(19226335D,21326502D)
河北科技师范学院科学研究基金项目(2021JK01)。
关键词
甘薯
氮、磷、钾肥
施用方式
施用量
农艺性状
产量
Sweet potato
Nitrogen
phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
Application method
Application rate
Agronomic traits
Yield
