摘要
为了明确牛粪和氮肥配施对玉米不同生育期土壤养分、酶活性、微生物生物量及玉米产量的影响,在新疆阿克苏市沙雅县,采用田间小区试验设置了5个处理,即不施牛粪和氮肥、仅施225 kg/hm^(2)氮肥、3000 kg/hm^(2)牛粪配施225 kg/hm^(2)氮肥、6000 kg/hm^(2)牛粪配施225 kg/hm^(2)氮肥和12000 kg/hm^(2)牛粪配施225 kg/hm^(2)氮肥,以研究牛粪与氮肥配施在整个玉米生育期对土壤养分、酶活性、微生物生物量及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,在整个玉米生育期内,牛粪配施氮肥后与仅施氮肥相比,土壤有机质增加了8.23%~24.73%,全氮增加了2.50%~42.49%,碱解氮增加了7.52%~44.48%,速效磷增加了21.26%~90.43%;土壤过氧化氢酶活性提高了13.15%~21.16%,脲酶活性提高了15.12%~26.64%,蔗糖酶活性提高了22.35%~66.24%;土壤微生物生物量碳增多了34.97%~95.20%,微生物生物量氮增多了22.20%~83.18%;在玉米成熟期,产量提高了5.00%~12.65%。以上指标均随着牛粪施用量的增加而显著增加。在玉米整个生育期中,土壤养分含量整体呈下降的趋势,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性以及土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量随着玉米的生长发育先升高后降低,于吐丝期到达峰值,而土壤蔗糖酶活性则一直呈上升趋势。牛粪配施氮肥可有效增加土壤养分含量,提高土壤酶活性,促进土壤微生物生物量和玉米增产,且均随着牛粪施入量的增加而显著增加。
To clarify the effects of combined application of cow dung and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial biomass and corn yield at different growth stages of maize.Therefore,in Shaya County,Aksu City,Xinjiang,5 treatments were set up in a field experiment,namely no cow manure and nitrogen fertilizer,only 225 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen fertilizer,3000 kg/hm^(2)cow manure with 225 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen fertilizer,6000 kg/hm^(2)cow manure with 225 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen fertilizer and 12000 kg/hm^(2)cow manure with 225 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen fertilizer to study the effects of combined application of cow manure and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial biomass and corn yield during the whole maize growth period.The results showed that,during the whole maize growing period,compared with the nitrogen fertilizer only,soil organic matter increased by 8.23%-24.73%,total nitrogen increased by 2.50%-42.49%,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 7.52%-44.48%,and available phosphorus increased by 21.26%-90.43%;the activity of soil catalase increased by 13.15%-21.16%,the activity of urease was increased by 15.12%-26.64%,and the activity of sucrase was increased by 22.35%-66.24%;the soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 34.97%-95.20%and the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 22.20%-83.18%;yield increased by 5.00%-12.65%during the corn maturity period after cow dung combined with nitrogen fertilizer.The above indexes all increased significantly with the increase of cow dung application amount.During the whole growth period of maize,soil nutrient content showed a downward trend as a whole,soil catalase and urease activities and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content first increased and then decreased with the growth and development of maize,and reached the peak in the silking stage,while the soil invertase activity kept increasing.This study showed that the combination of cow dung with nitrogen fertilizer can effectively increase soil nutrient content,improve soil enzyme activity,and promote soil microbial biomass and corn yield,and all of them increase significantly with the increase of cow dung application.
作者
杨洋
蔡惠君
刘耘华
盛建东
蒋平安
YANG Yang;CAI Hui-jun;LIU Yun-hua;SHENG Jian-dong;JIANG Ping-an(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《新疆农业大学学报》
CAS
2022年第2期135-143,共9页
Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003210)。
关键词
牛粪配施氮肥
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
土壤微生物生物量
玉米产量
nitrogen fertilizer with cow dung
soil nutrients
soil enzyme activity
soil microbial biomass
maize yield
